1 前言
1.1 選題依據
1.2 選題目的
1.3 選題意義
1.4 文獻綜述
1.4.1 自我暗示的簡介
1.4.2 自我暗示的作用機制及其研究進展
1.4.3 正念的簡介
1.4.4 正念的作用機制
1.4.5 正念對身心的影響作用及其在運動領域的應用
1.5 研究任務
2 研究方法
2.1 文獻資料法
2.2 實驗法
2.2.1 實驗被試
2.2.2 實驗假設
2.2.3 實驗儀器
2.2.4 實驗設計
2.2.5 實驗步驟
2.2.6 數據分析及處理
2.2.7 對無關變量的控制
3 研究結果
3.1 飛鏢成績描述性統計結果
3.2 飛鏢成績協方差分析結果
3.3 四組飛鏢前后測成績的配對 t 檢驗結果
3.4 心率變異性頻域指標測試值的配對樣本 t 檢驗結果
3.5 主觀感受調查問卷結果
4 討論與分析
4.1 自我暗示和正念調節對運動成績的影響
4.2 自我暗示和正念調節對心率變異性頻域指標的影響
4.3 主觀感受調查問卷的分析
5 結論與建議
5.1 結論
5.2 建議
參考文獻
致謝
摘要
目的:通過實驗比較研究不同心理調節方法(積極自我暗示調節、消極自我暗示調節、正念調節)對大學生心率變異性(Heart Rate Variability, HRV)和飛鏢投擲表現成績的影響,即分析每種調節方法對各組之間的心率變異性和投擲飛鏢成績的差異,嘗試確定在運動情境中各種調節方法的效果以及哪種調節方法更為有效。從而為運動員選擇更有效的心理調節方法提供實證研究依據。
方法:本研究采用單因素多水平被試間實驗設計。將首都體育學院 2011 級和 2012 級的 120 名大學生,隨機分配到 4 個組中,每組 30 人,其中三組使用不同的調節方法進行干預,而另外一組作為對照組。對實驗中的心率變異性 HRV 頻域值指標 TP(總功率)、VLF(極低頻)、LF(低頻譜能量)、HF(高頻譜能量)、LF/HF(低頻和高頻功率的比值)進行記錄,并統計每人的飛鏢投擲成績。
結論:積極自我暗示法和正念調節法能夠有效提高自主神經系統的活性水平,從而促使反映自主神經系統整體功能的 TP 顯著增加。
正念調節法和積極自我暗示法能夠提高被試的副交感神經活性,起到放松的作用。對交感神經的活性起到一定的抑制作用,消極自我暗示法在這方面也有一定程度的積極作用。
正念調節能顯著的提高交感神經和副交感神經的平衡性,而在這方面其他方法并沒有表現出顯著效果。
正念調節與積極自我暗示調節都能夠顯著提高運動成績,促進運動表現。消極自我暗示組飛鏢成績與控制組對比沒有顯著性差異,單就組內對比顯示出對飛鏢投擲成績的負面影響。
正念調節法與積極自我暗示法在各個測試指標上并沒有表現出顯著差異,綜合飛鏢成績與心率變異性的結果,正念調節法對心率變異性的影響效果優于積極自我暗示法。
關鍵詞:心率變異性,自我暗示,正念調節,飛鏢投擲
Abstract
Purpose: Through the analysis of effects of different methods ofpsychological adjustment (positive self-suggestion regulation,negative self-suggestion regulation, mindfulness adjustment) on heartrate variability and dart throwing performance of college students.
This research try to identify the effects of different methods ofpsychological adjustment in the sport situation and determine whichmethod is the most effective.
Methods: This study was a Single factor experiment design amongmultiple level subjects. 120 college students of Capital University ofPhysical Education and Sports were randomly assigned to four groups,each group of 30 people. Three groups use different methods to adjustthe participants, while the other group as a control group without anyintervention. Recording the TP, LF / HF, HF, LF, VLF of heart ratevariability for experiments and statistical score of throwing darts.
Conclusion: Positive self-suggestion and mindfulness regulation canboth effectively improve the level of activity of the autonomic nervoussystem, thus TP which reflect the integration of autonomic function inthe overall significantly increased.
Mindfulness regulation and positive self-suggestion can improve theactivity of the parasympathetic nervous, act relaxed. Inhibits theactivity of sympathetic nervous, negative self-suggestion also hascertain positive role in this respect.
Mindfulness regulation can significantly improve the sympatheticand parasympathetic balance, and in this regard other methods did notshow a significant effect.
Mindfulness regulation and positive self-suggestion regulator cansignificantly improve athletic performance. Negative self-suggestiongroup and control group comparison darts score was no significantdifference, the results shows that there is the negative impact ofthrowing darts within the negative self-suggestion group.
Mindfulness regulation and positive self-suggestion on each testindicators did not show a significant difference in the results of thecomprehensive darts scores and heart rate variability, the effect ofmindfulness regulation on heart rate variability is better thanpositive self-suggestion.
Key words: Heart Rate Variability, Self-suggestion, Mindfulnessadjustment, Darts throwing