摘 要
本文以先秦時期的士人精神生活作為考察點，研究古琴在士人精神生活中的價值和意義。從古琴的形制、琴人、琴曲著眼，看古琴在先秦時期所呈現出的獨特意義。
這種意義，對于建構士人與現實生活中的關聯，起到了怎樣的作用。本文認為，春秋戰國時代，諸侯并立，伴隨著周統治的實質性衰微，于是“天子失官，學在四夷”.知識下移，士階層逐漸形成，并具有了自己的生存空間。當士階層在社會分層中逐漸獨立，并且不再依附諸侯和權貴時，逐漸獲得個體人格的成長。在這種狀態上，古琴，作為一個具有獨特意義的樂器，成為士階層在個體人格的建構上的一個重要象征。通觀先秦典籍，我們看到了大量關于士人和古琴的故事，古琴，成為高潔人格的象征，成為“獨立不遷”而堅守節操之士的精神信物。從琴器、琴曲到琴人，都在表達著一個強烈而明晰的指向，即是士人通過這個特殊的樂器，建構起自己精神存在的家園。
這個精神家園，與權力上層，保持著距離并劃開了界限；與普通俗眾，也因其疏離而劃開了界限。所以說，士人借古琴為自己營造了一座抵御現世侵擾的精神穹廬，我們從先秦琴人之精神中能見到這一典型特征?！扒僬?，禁也”.就是士人為古琴所給出的戒律，它不是面向大眾的娛樂性樂器，而是寄托自己情志的載體；在琴曲里，我們看到的也不是炫耀和歡愉，而是面向自我的沉靜省思，或者是面對知音的訴說。由之看來，古琴是一個具有強烈的內傾化的樂器，而不具外在化的娛它功能。它具有伯牙與鐘子期的相知相善，具有伯夷叔齊的堅毅堅守。這就是士的精神，取古琴之善而守之。
關 鍵 詞：古琴；先秦時期；士人；精神生活
ABSTRACT
In this paper, the value and significance of Guqin in Scholars' spiritual life during the earlyQin period is studied. The special meaning of Guqin in early Qin period could be understoodclearly from the shape and structure, player and music of Guqin. It was of great impantanceto establish the ralation between scholars and real life. In the Spring and Autumn stage,several governors existed and divided China into several parts. With the power decreasing ofZhou dynasties, the study atmosphere spreaded from the emperor to the lower level people.
Then the scholars appeared at this time and they had sufficient space to make greatdevelopment. As the scholars level was separated from the society and when they did notrely on the governors and power level, they formed their personal character. Based on thisbackground, the Guqin regarded as a special instrument was taken as the sign of individualcharacter. So many stories between scholars and Guqin were recorded in the ancient booksand records. Guqin became a symbol of good personality and was treated as the spirit tokenof scholars to stick to their virtue. It had a clear direction from instrument, music and playerfor the scholars to bulid their spiritual home. This special spiritual home was separated withtop power level and maintained a certain distance with them. Also, it was distinguished withgeneral public because of different thinking deepth. Therefore, the scholars established aspirit dome to protect them from disturbing from the society via Guqin, which could beclearly achieved through Guqin players's spirit during early Qin period. “Guqin, forbidden”means that the Guqin is not the entertainment instrument but the emotion carrier. The Guqinmusic expressed not the flaunt and joy but the personal inner heart reflection or bosom friendfeeling. In sum, the Guqin was an instrument with strong expressing function and there wasno entertainment function existing in Guqin. It represented the kind and love between Boyaand Ziqi and the dependent between Boyi and Shuqi. So the conclusion that the spirit ofscholar means taking the advange of Guqin could be obtained in this paper.
KEY WORDS: Guqin; Early-Qin dynasty; Scholar; spritual life
目 錄
緒論
（一） 研究現狀
（二）選題角度及研究目的
（三）研究方法及意義
第一章。 先秦士階層的產生與其精神狀貌
第一節 士的產生
第二節 士的類型及生存狀態
第二章。 先秦時期士階層的精神價值之形成
第一節 先秦士人的社會功能
第二節 先秦時期士的定位
第三節 先秦時期士人風骨之構成與特征
第三章。 琴器、琴曲與先秦士人的精神生活
第一節 先秦時期琴器之發展
第二節 琴人琴曲--典故里隱含的意義
第四章。 先秦士人用古琴作為表達精神思想的成因
第一節 言志類琴曲表達的士人精神
第二節 寄情山水類琴曲表達的士人精神
第三節 士人精神在生活類琴曲中的呈現
結語
參考文獻
致 謝
本文以先秦時期的士人精神生活作為考察點，研究古琴在士人精神生活中的價值和意義。從古琴的形制、琴人、琴曲著眼，看古琴在先秦時期所呈現出的獨特意義。
這種意義，對于建構士人與現實生活中的關聯，起到了怎樣的作用。本文認為，春秋戰國時代，諸侯并立，伴隨著周統治的實質性衰微，于是“天子失官，學在四夷”.知識下移，士階層逐漸形成，并具有了自己的生存空間。當士階層在社會分層中逐漸獨立，并且不再依附諸侯和權貴時，逐漸獲得個體人格的成長。在這種狀態上，古琴，作為一個具有獨特意義的樂器，成為士階層在個體人格的建構上的一個重要象征。通觀先秦典籍，我們看到了大量關于士人和古琴的故事，古琴，成為高潔人格的象征，成為“獨立不遷”而堅守節操之士的精神信物。從琴器、琴曲到琴人，都在表達著一個強烈而明晰的指向，即是士人通過這個特殊的樂器，建構起自己精神存在的家園。
這個精神家園，與權力上層，保持著距離并劃開了界限；與普通俗眾，也因其疏離而劃開了界限。所以說，士人借古琴為自己營造了一座抵御現世侵擾的精神穹廬，我們從先秦琴人之精神中能見到這一典型特征?！扒僬?，禁也”.就是士人為古琴所給出的戒律，它不是面向大眾的娛樂性樂器，而是寄托自己情志的載體；在琴曲里，我們看到的也不是炫耀和歡愉，而是面向自我的沉靜省思，或者是面對知音的訴說。由之看來，古琴是一個具有強烈的內傾化的樂器，而不具外在化的娛它功能。它具有伯牙與鐘子期的相知相善，具有伯夷叔齊的堅毅堅守。這就是士的精神，取古琴之善而守之。
關 鍵 詞：古琴；先秦時期；士人；精神生活
ABSTRACT
In this paper, the value and significance of Guqin in Scholars' spiritual life during the earlyQin period is studied. The special meaning of Guqin in early Qin period could be understoodclearly from the shape and structure, player and music of Guqin. It was of great impantanceto establish the ralation between scholars and real life. In the Spring and Autumn stage,several governors existed and divided China into several parts. With the power decreasing ofZhou dynasties, the study atmosphere spreaded from the emperor to the lower level people.
Then the scholars appeared at this time and they had sufficient space to make greatdevelopment. As the scholars level was separated from the society and when they did notrely on the governors and power level, they formed their personal character. Based on thisbackground, the Guqin regarded as a special instrument was taken as the sign of individualcharacter. So many stories between scholars and Guqin were recorded in the ancient booksand records. Guqin became a symbol of good personality and was treated as the spirit tokenof scholars to stick to their virtue. It had a clear direction from instrument, music and playerfor the scholars to bulid their spiritual home. This special spiritual home was separated withtop power level and maintained a certain distance with them. Also, it was distinguished withgeneral public because of different thinking deepth. Therefore, the scholars established aspirit dome to protect them from disturbing from the society via Guqin, which could beclearly achieved through Guqin players's spirit during early Qin period. “Guqin, forbidden”means that the Guqin is not the entertainment instrument but the emotion carrier. The Guqinmusic expressed not the flaunt and joy but the personal inner heart reflection or bosom friendfeeling. In sum, the Guqin was an instrument with strong expressing function and there wasno entertainment function existing in Guqin. It represented the kind and love between Boyaand Ziqi and the dependent between Boyi and Shuqi. So the conclusion that the spirit ofscholar means taking the advange of Guqin could be obtained in this paper.
KEY WORDS: Guqin; Early-Qin dynasty; Scholar; spritual life
目 錄
緒論
（一） 研究現狀
（二）選題角度及研究目的
（三）研究方法及意義
第一章。 先秦士階層的產生與其精神狀貌
第一節 士的產生
第二節 士的類型及生存狀態
第二章。 先秦時期士階層的精神價值之形成
第一節 先秦士人的社會功能
第二節 先秦時期士的定位
第三節 先秦時期士人風骨之構成與特征
第三章。 琴器、琴曲與先秦士人的精神生活
第一節 先秦時期琴器之發展
第二節 琴人琴曲--典故里隱含的意義
第四章。 先秦士人用古琴作為表達精神思想的成因
第一節 言志類琴曲表達的士人精神
第二節 寄情山水類琴曲表達的士人精神
第三節 士人精神在生活類琴曲中的呈現
結語
參考文獻
致 謝
