摘 要
農業和畜牧業在生產過程產生的各種農業廢棄物大量增加，既浪費資源，又造成了嚴重的環境問題，也不利于農業生產。利用農業廢棄物作為育苗基質，不但可以有效解決農業廢棄物所造成的環境問題，還可以降低基質的生產成本。本試驗以牛糞、豬糞、菇渣和鋸末為材料，按照一定比例配制成混合基質，以發酵 7 個月、8 個月、腐熟商品基質和添加樹皮的商品基質為研究對象，對其物理性質，化學性質和生物學性質進行檢測，研究了不同堆腐時間，不同添加材料對基質性質的影響，取得主要結論如下：
（1）研究了堆腐過程基質的基本性質變化隨堆肥時間增長，堆肥 8 個月基質容重高于堆肥 7 個月基質容重；商品基質添加樹皮對容重影響不大，腐熟商品基質容重大于未腐熟基質。腐熟商品基質的含水率明顯高于添加樹皮的商品基質?？赡苁怯捎谔砑訕淦ぴ黾恿嘶|的透氣性，導致基質中水分蒸發，使含水率下降。
堆腐 7 個月到 8 個月，基質 pH、EC 呈下降趨勢，添加樹皮商品基質的 pH、EC 明顯低于腐熟商品基質。樹皮中可電離鹽離子含量低，添加樹皮后，使基質中 EC 值降低。腐熟商品基質 pH、EC 值小于未腐熟基質。
水土比 10:1 浸提，小白菜 GI、芽長、發芽率均高于水土比 5:1.隨堆腐時間增長，小白菜 GI、芽長、發芽率均呈上升趨勢。添加樹皮商品基質，小白菜 GI、芽長、發芽率均高于腐熟商品基質。添加樹皮后，降低了基質 pH 和 EC,降低了基質毒害性，從而提高了種子的發芽率，使種子芽長增加。
（2）研究了堆腐過程基質的碳氮磷的變化規律基質堆肥過程中有機碳發生分解轉化，堆腐 7 個月到 8 個月，水溶性碳含量呈上升趨勢，堿溶性碳含量呈下降趨勢；腐熟商品基質水溶性碳含量高于添加樹皮商品基質，而堿溶性碳含量低于于添加樹皮商品基質；總體看來，商品基質中水溶性碳、堿溶性碳含量低于未腐熟基質。
全基質腐熟 7 個月到 8 個月，全氮和氨基酸態氮含量呈現出下降趨勢。添加樹皮可以顯著降低基質中氮含量，對氨基酸態氮含量影響不顯著。腐熟基質全氮和氨基酸態氮含量與未腐熟基質相比，呈下降趨勢。
隨堆腐時間增長，堆腐 7 個月到 8 個月，基質中銨態氮含量呈現下降趨勢；腐熟基質和添加樹皮基質中銨態氮含量基本相同，添加樹皮對基質中銨態氮含量影響不顯著。
商品基質與未腐熟基質中銨態氮含量差異顯著。硝態氮與銨態氮含量變化相對應，堆腐7 個月到 8 個月，硝態氮含量變化不大；添加樹皮商品基質硝態氮含量高于腐熟商品基質。添加樹皮對基質中硝態氮含量影響極顯著。腐熟基質中硝態氮含量明顯高于未腐熟基質。以 NH4+-N/NO3--N 的比值小于 0.5 作為標準，商品基質達到腐熟標準。
隨堆腐時間增長，堆腐 7 個月到 8 個月，基質全 P 含量變化不大，全 K 含量呈上升趨勢，腐熟基質全 P 含量與堆肥 7 個月和 8 個月基質相比差異極顯著。添加樹皮后，基質全 P、全 K 含量低于腐熟商品基質?？赡軜淦ぶ腥?P、全 K 含量較低，使基質中全 P、全 K 含量下降。
（3）提出了利用礦物質改良基質保水性和導水性的技術基質添加珍珠巖或可以提高基質吸水量，且隨添加比例的增大而升高，添加蛭石比添加珍珠巖吸水量多?；|與珍珠巖、基質與蛭石，比例為 3:2 配方最佳。
添加珍珠巖和蛭石，可以提高基質的飽和含水量，且飽和含水量隨基質與珍珠巖和蛭石比例的減小而增加。在基質比珍珠巖 3:2,基質：蛭石 2:3 時，飽和含水量基本達到最大。
添加珍珠巖和蛭石后，基質的飽和導水率升高，且飽和導水率隨基質與珍珠巖和蛭石比例的減小而增加?；|與珍珠巖比為 1:4 是飽和導水率上升最多。添加蛭石飽和導水率與純基質飽和導水率差異顯著?；|添加珍珠巖飽和導水率高于添加蛭石飽和導水率，呈極顯著差異?；|飽和導水率與基質容重、初始水分含量呈負相關。
（4）提出了提高基質發芽率的技術基質中添加碳酸鈣和氧化鈣對基質發芽率改良效果明顯?；|中添加碳酸鈣和氧化鈣有利于小白菜種子發芽，隨著添加量增加，發芽率、發芽勢和發芽指數均不斷提高。
當碳酸鈣比例增加到 4%時到達最大。小白種子發芽指數在添加 4%碳酸鈣和 4%氧化鈣基質中差異不顯著（P>0.05）。在添加 4%碳酸鈣和 4%氧化鈣基質中小白菜種子發芽較快，發芽整齊，且發芽率高。
關鍵字：育苗基質；化學性質；持水性；導水率；發芽試驗
ABSTRACT
Recently, various agricultural wastes largely increase in the production process ofagriculture and animal husbandry. It wastes resources and causes serious environmentalproblems, which is not conducive to agricultural production. Agricultural wastes, as nurserysubstrate, can effectively solve environmental problems caused by agricultural wastes and canreduce the production cost of the matrix. The experiment materials are cow manure, pigmanure, mushroom residue and sawdust and we should make up mixed matrix according to acertain proportion. The objects of study are maturity matrixes fermented for 7 months and 8months, commercial maturity matrix and commercial maturity matrix added bark. This studyinvestigated the influences of different composting times and added materials on theproperties of substrate by the test of physical properties, chemical properties and biologicalproperties on substrate. The main conclusions obtained are as follows:
（1） Study on the composting process, the basic properties changes of the substrate.
With the increase of composting time,the bulk density of compost matrix density ofcompost for 8 months was higher than 7 months.The maturity commodity density is higherthan the non decomposed matrix.Compost water for 7 months was lower than that ofcomposting for 8 months.The water as commercial substrate was significantly higher than thatof the matrix add bark goods.Maybe due to the addition of bark increases, the permeability ofthe matrix, resulting in water evaporation in the matrix, the moisture content decreased.
Composting for 7 months to 8 months, pH matrix, EC decreased.Add bark goodssubstrate pH, EC was significantly lower than that of commercial maturity matrix,May beadded in the pine bark, increases the permeability of the matrix, the ammonia nitrogenvolatilization caused, resulting in the decrease of pH.Low ionizable salt ion content inbark,add the bark, the matrix EC decreased.
Soil and water 10:1 leaching, the GI, bud length, germination rate of the cabbage werehigher than the soil and water ratio 5:1. With the increase of heap rot time, the growth of GI,bud length and germination rate of the young Chinese cabbage increased Add bark goodsmatrix, Chinese cabbage GI, bud length, germination rate was higher than the maturity ofcommercial substrates. After adding bark, the matrix pH and EC were decreased, the toxicityof matrix was decreased, and the germination rate of the seed increased, so the seed lengthincreased.
（2） Study on the composting process, variation of carbon nitrogen and phosphorus of thematrix.
The rapid decomposition of organic carbon during matrix composting,somedecomposition of water soluble organic carbon,the matrix of water soluble organic carboncontent increased.With the increasing of microbial activity,water soluble organic carbonconsumption,content reduced.With the increasing time of composting,composting for 7months to 8 months,water soluble carbon content increased,alkali soluble carbon contentdecreased; the water soluble carbon content of the maturity of commercial substrates is higherthan the matrix add bark goods,the alkali soluble carbon content is lower than the matrix addbark goods.water soluble carbon, alkali soluble carbon content of the commercial substrate islower than the non decomposed matrix of water soluble carbon.
Composting for 7 months to 8 months,,total nitrogen and amino acid nitrogen contentshowed a downward trend.Add the bark can significantly reduce the total nitrogen content inthe matrix,the effect of amino acid nitrogen was not significant.The content of total nitrogenand amino acid nitrogen in the matrix decomposition compared with unfermentedsubstrate,decreased.
With the increase of composting time,composting for 7 months to 8 months,The contentof ammonium nitrogen in the matrix showed a trend of decline.The content of ammoniumnitrogen in the decomposition of matrix and adding pine bark is basically the same.Effect ofadding bark on the content of ammonium nitrogen in the matrix is not significant.Thedifference of ammonium nitrogen in commodity matrix and unfermented matrixsignificantly.Composting for 7 months to 8 months,the nitrate content did not change;add thebark matrix content of nitrate nitrogen was higher than that of commercial maturitycommodity matrix.The content of nitrate in compost matrix was significantly lower than thatoin non decomposed matrix.Use the NH4+-N/NO3--N less than 0.5 as the standard,the goodsmatrix reach the composting standard .
With the increase of composting time,composting for 7 months to 8 months, the total Pcontent changed little,the content of totle Pand K increased;The content of P in full maturitywere significantly different than the compost substrate 7 and 8 months.Add the bark, matrix P,K content is lower than commercial maturity commodity matrix.
（3） Put forward the technology, which uses mineral to improved matrix water retentionand water permeability.
Add perlite or vermiculite can improve the water absorbing capacity of matrix,increasedwith the adding proportion.The effect of vermiculite was better than perlite.The maximumsaturated water content was reached on the ration of 2:3 both for the additive of perlite andvermiculite.
Add perlite or vermiculite can improve the saturated water content of matrix,increasedwith the the decrease of matrix and perlite adding proportion.The maximum saturated watercontent was reached on the ration of 2:3 both for the additive of perlite and vermiculite.
Add perlite or vermiculite can improve the saturated water content of matrix,increasedwith the the decrease of matrix and perlite adding proportion.Matrix and perlite ratio of 1:4 isthe largest increase in saturated hydraulic conductivity. Saturated hydraulic conductivity ofadding vermiculite and the pure matrix conductivity difference.The saturated hydraulicconductivity of adding perlite matrix higher than adding vermiculite, there was extremelysignificant difference.Matrix saturated hydraulic conductivity and bulk density,initial moisturecontent was negatively correlated.
（4）Put forward rhe technology to improve the substrate germination rate.
Addition of calcium carbonate and calcium oxide in matrix, the effect of raw matriximprovement obvious.Advantageous to Chinese cabbage seed germination. with the increasedof calcium carbonate and calcium oxide content,the germination rate, germination potentialand germination index were increased,When calcium carbonate increased to 4% , reaching themaximum.White seed germination index in the presence of 4% calcium carbonate and 4%calcium oxide matrix had no significant difference.With the addition of 4% calcium carbonateand 4% calcium oxide matrix,cabbage seeds germination fast and neatly,and seed germinationrate higher.
KEYWORDS: substrate; chemical properties; water holding capacity; hydraulic conductivity;germination test
目 錄
第一章 緒論
1.1 研究背景及意義
1.2 國內外的研究進展
1.2.1 基質的發展趨勢
1.2.2 利用農業廢棄物生產基質的研究狀況
1.2.3 無土栽培發展前景
1.2.4 基質選材
1.2.5 農業有機固體廢棄物基質配方篩選
1.3 基質理化特性在栽培中的影響
1.3.1 基質的物理性質與植物生長
1.3.2 基質化學性質與植物生長
1.3.3 理想基質理化性質
1.3.4 基質水分特性在栽培中的影響
第二章 基質的基本參數和腐熟度變化
2.1 引言
2.2 材料與方法
2.2.1 試驗材料
2.2.2 測定項目與方法
2.3 結果與討論
2.3.1 容重、pH 值、EC 值和含水量的變化
2.3.2 種子發芽試驗
2.4 小結
第三章 不同腐熟程度基質化學參數的變化
3.1 引言
3.2 材料與方法
3.2.1 基質原料與配方
3.2.2 測定項目與方法
3.3 結果與分析
3.3.1 有機質、易氧化碳的變化
3.3.2 水溶性、堿溶性碳的變化
3.3.3 全氮、氨基酸態氮的變化
3.3.4 銨態氮和硝態氮的變化
3.3.5 全 p、全 k 的變化
3.4 小結
第四章 添加礦物對基質吸水性的改良
4.1 引言
4.2 材料與方法
4.2.1 實驗材料
4.2.2 測定項目與方法
4.3 結果與分析
4.3.1 添加珍珠巖和蛭石對基質吸水過程的影響
4.3.2 珍珠巖和蛭石對基質飽和含水量的影響
4.3.3 珍珠巖和蛭石對基質吸水速率的影響
4.3.4 蛭石和珍珠巖對基質滲透率的影響
4.4 小結
第五章 添加碳酸鈣和氧化鈣對基質發芽率的影響
5.1 引言
5.2 材料與方法
5.2.1 試驗方法
5.2.2 數據處理
5.3 結果與分析
5.4 小結
第六章 結論
參考文獻
致 謝
農業和畜牧業在生產過程產生的各種農業廢棄物大量增加，既浪費資源，又造成了嚴重的環境問題，也不利于農業生產。利用農業廢棄物作為育苗基質，不但可以有效解決農業廢棄物所造成的環境問題，還可以降低基質的生產成本。本試驗以牛糞、豬糞、菇渣和鋸末為材料，按照一定比例配制成混合基質，以發酵 7 個月、8 個月、腐熟商品基質和添加樹皮的商品基質為研究對象，對其物理性質，化學性質和生物學性質進行檢測，研究了不同堆腐時間，不同添加材料對基質性質的影響，取得主要結論如下：
（1）研究了堆腐過程基質的基本性質變化隨堆肥時間增長，堆肥 8 個月基質容重高于堆肥 7 個月基質容重；商品基質添加樹皮對容重影響不大，腐熟商品基質容重大于未腐熟基質。腐熟商品基質的含水率明顯高于添加樹皮的商品基質?？赡苁怯捎谔砑訕淦ぴ黾恿嘶|的透氣性，導致基質中水分蒸發，使含水率下降。
堆腐 7 個月到 8 個月，基質 pH、EC 呈下降趨勢，添加樹皮商品基質的 pH、EC 明顯低于腐熟商品基質。樹皮中可電離鹽離子含量低，添加樹皮后，使基質中 EC 值降低。腐熟商品基質 pH、EC 值小于未腐熟基質。
水土比 10:1 浸提，小白菜 GI、芽長、發芽率均高于水土比 5:1.隨堆腐時間增長，小白菜 GI、芽長、發芽率均呈上升趨勢。添加樹皮商品基質，小白菜 GI、芽長、發芽率均高于腐熟商品基質。添加樹皮后，降低了基質 pH 和 EC,降低了基質毒害性，從而提高了種子的發芽率，使種子芽長增加。
（2）研究了堆腐過程基質的碳氮磷的變化規律基質堆肥過程中有機碳發生分解轉化，堆腐 7 個月到 8 個月，水溶性碳含量呈上升趨勢，堿溶性碳含量呈下降趨勢；腐熟商品基質水溶性碳含量高于添加樹皮商品基質，而堿溶性碳含量低于于添加樹皮商品基質；總體看來，商品基質中水溶性碳、堿溶性碳含量低于未腐熟基質。
全基質腐熟 7 個月到 8 個月，全氮和氨基酸態氮含量呈現出下降趨勢。添加樹皮可以顯著降低基質中氮含量，對氨基酸態氮含量影響不顯著。腐熟基質全氮和氨基酸態氮含量與未腐熟基質相比，呈下降趨勢。
隨堆腐時間增長，堆腐 7 個月到 8 個月，基質中銨態氮含量呈現下降趨勢；腐熟基質和添加樹皮基質中銨態氮含量基本相同，添加樹皮對基質中銨態氮含量影響不顯著。
商品基質與未腐熟基質中銨態氮含量差異顯著。硝態氮與銨態氮含量變化相對應，堆腐7 個月到 8 個月，硝態氮含量變化不大；添加樹皮商品基質硝態氮含量高于腐熟商品基質。添加樹皮對基質中硝態氮含量影響極顯著。腐熟基質中硝態氮含量明顯高于未腐熟基質。以 NH4+-N/NO3--N 的比值小于 0.5 作為標準，商品基質達到腐熟標準。
隨堆腐時間增長，堆腐 7 個月到 8 個月，基質全 P 含量變化不大，全 K 含量呈上升趨勢，腐熟基質全 P 含量與堆肥 7 個月和 8 個月基質相比差異極顯著。添加樹皮后，基質全 P、全 K 含量低于腐熟商品基質?？赡軜淦ぶ腥?P、全 K 含量較低，使基質中全 P、全 K 含量下降。
（3）提出了利用礦物質改良基質保水性和導水性的技術基質添加珍珠巖或可以提高基質吸水量，且隨添加比例的增大而升高，添加蛭石比添加珍珠巖吸水量多?；|與珍珠巖、基質與蛭石，比例為 3:2 配方最佳。
添加珍珠巖和蛭石，可以提高基質的飽和含水量，且飽和含水量隨基質與珍珠巖和蛭石比例的減小而增加。在基質比珍珠巖 3:2,基質：蛭石 2:3 時，飽和含水量基本達到最大。
添加珍珠巖和蛭石后，基質的飽和導水率升高，且飽和導水率隨基質與珍珠巖和蛭石比例的減小而增加?；|與珍珠巖比為 1:4 是飽和導水率上升最多。添加蛭石飽和導水率與純基質飽和導水率差異顯著?；|添加珍珠巖飽和導水率高于添加蛭石飽和導水率，呈極顯著差異?；|飽和導水率與基質容重、初始水分含量呈負相關。
（4）提出了提高基質發芽率的技術基質中添加碳酸鈣和氧化鈣對基質發芽率改良效果明顯?；|中添加碳酸鈣和氧化鈣有利于小白菜種子發芽，隨著添加量增加，發芽率、發芽勢和發芽指數均不斷提高。
當碳酸鈣比例增加到 4%時到達最大。小白種子發芽指數在添加 4%碳酸鈣和 4%氧化鈣基質中差異不顯著（P>0.05）。在添加 4%碳酸鈣和 4%氧化鈣基質中小白菜種子發芽較快，發芽整齊，且發芽率高。
關鍵字：育苗基質；化學性質；持水性；導水率；發芽試驗
ABSTRACT
Recently, various agricultural wastes largely increase in the production process ofagriculture and animal husbandry. It wastes resources and causes serious environmentalproblems, which is not conducive to agricultural production. Agricultural wastes, as nurserysubstrate, can effectively solve environmental problems caused by agricultural wastes and canreduce the production cost of the matrix. The experiment materials are cow manure, pigmanure, mushroom residue and sawdust and we should make up mixed matrix according to acertain proportion. The objects of study are maturity matrixes fermented for 7 months and 8months, commercial maturity matrix and commercial maturity matrix added bark. This studyinvestigated the influences of different composting times and added materials on theproperties of substrate by the test of physical properties, chemical properties and biologicalproperties on substrate. The main conclusions obtained are as follows:
（1） Study on the composting process, the basic properties changes of the substrate.
With the increase of composting time,the bulk density of compost matrix density ofcompost for 8 months was higher than 7 months.The maturity commodity density is higherthan the non decomposed matrix.Compost water for 7 months was lower than that ofcomposting for 8 months.The water as commercial substrate was significantly higher than thatof the matrix add bark goods.Maybe due to the addition of bark increases, the permeability ofthe matrix, resulting in water evaporation in the matrix, the moisture content decreased.
Composting for 7 months to 8 months, pH matrix, EC decreased.Add bark goodssubstrate pH, EC was significantly lower than that of commercial maturity matrix,May beadded in the pine bark, increases the permeability of the matrix, the ammonia nitrogenvolatilization caused, resulting in the decrease of pH.Low ionizable salt ion content inbark,add the bark, the matrix EC decreased.
Soil and water 10:1 leaching, the GI, bud length, germination rate of the cabbage werehigher than the soil and water ratio 5:1. With the increase of heap rot time, the growth of GI,bud length and germination rate of the young Chinese cabbage increased Add bark goodsmatrix, Chinese cabbage GI, bud length, germination rate was higher than the maturity ofcommercial substrates. After adding bark, the matrix pH and EC were decreased, the toxicityof matrix was decreased, and the germination rate of the seed increased, so the seed lengthincreased.
（2） Study on the composting process, variation of carbon nitrogen and phosphorus of thematrix.
The rapid decomposition of organic carbon during matrix composting,somedecomposition of water soluble organic carbon,the matrix of water soluble organic carboncontent increased.With the increasing of microbial activity,water soluble organic carbonconsumption,content reduced.With the increasing time of composting,composting for 7months to 8 months,water soluble carbon content increased,alkali soluble carbon contentdecreased; the water soluble carbon content of the maturity of commercial substrates is higherthan the matrix add bark goods,the alkali soluble carbon content is lower than the matrix addbark goods.water soluble carbon, alkali soluble carbon content of the commercial substrate islower than the non decomposed matrix of water soluble carbon.
Composting for 7 months to 8 months,,total nitrogen and amino acid nitrogen contentshowed a downward trend.Add the bark can significantly reduce the total nitrogen content inthe matrix,the effect of amino acid nitrogen was not significant.The content of total nitrogenand amino acid nitrogen in the matrix decomposition compared with unfermentedsubstrate,decreased.
With the increase of composting time,composting for 7 months to 8 months,The contentof ammonium nitrogen in the matrix showed a trend of decline.The content of ammoniumnitrogen in the decomposition of matrix and adding pine bark is basically the same.Effect ofadding bark on the content of ammonium nitrogen in the matrix is not significant.Thedifference of ammonium nitrogen in commodity matrix and unfermented matrixsignificantly.Composting for 7 months to 8 months,the nitrate content did not change;add thebark matrix content of nitrate nitrogen was higher than that of commercial maturitycommodity matrix.The content of nitrate in compost matrix was significantly lower than thatoin non decomposed matrix.Use the NH4+-N/NO3--N less than 0.5 as the standard,the goodsmatrix reach the composting standard .
With the increase of composting time,composting for 7 months to 8 months, the total Pcontent changed little,the content of totle Pand K increased;The content of P in full maturitywere significantly different than the compost substrate 7 and 8 months.Add the bark, matrix P,K content is lower than commercial maturity commodity matrix.
（3） Put forward the technology, which uses mineral to improved matrix water retentionand water permeability.
Add perlite or vermiculite can improve the water absorbing capacity of matrix,increasedwith the adding proportion.The effect of vermiculite was better than perlite.The maximumsaturated water content was reached on the ration of 2:3 both for the additive of perlite andvermiculite.
Add perlite or vermiculite can improve the saturated water content of matrix,increasedwith the the decrease of matrix and perlite adding proportion.The maximum saturated watercontent was reached on the ration of 2:3 both for the additive of perlite and vermiculite.
Add perlite or vermiculite can improve the saturated water content of matrix,increasedwith the the decrease of matrix and perlite adding proportion.Matrix and perlite ratio of 1:4 isthe largest increase in saturated hydraulic conductivity. Saturated hydraulic conductivity ofadding vermiculite and the pure matrix conductivity difference.The saturated hydraulicconductivity of adding perlite matrix higher than adding vermiculite, there was extremelysignificant difference.Matrix saturated hydraulic conductivity and bulk density,initial moisturecontent was negatively correlated.
（4）Put forward rhe technology to improve the substrate germination rate.
Addition of calcium carbonate and calcium oxide in matrix, the effect of raw matriximprovement obvious.Advantageous to Chinese cabbage seed germination. with the increasedof calcium carbonate and calcium oxide content,the germination rate, germination potentialand germination index were increased,When calcium carbonate increased to 4% , reaching themaximum.White seed germination index in the presence of 4% calcium carbonate and 4%calcium oxide matrix had no significant difference.With the addition of 4% calcium carbonateand 4% calcium oxide matrix,cabbage seeds germination fast and neatly,and seed germinationrate higher.
KEYWORDS: substrate; chemical properties; water holding capacity; hydraulic conductivity;germination test
目 錄
第一章 緒論
1.1 研究背景及意義
1.2 國內外的研究進展
1.2.1 基質的發展趨勢
1.2.2 利用農業廢棄物生產基質的研究狀況
1.2.3 無土栽培發展前景
1.2.4 基質選材
1.2.5 農業有機固體廢棄物基質配方篩選
1.3 基質理化特性在栽培中的影響
1.3.1 基質的物理性質與植物生長
1.3.2 基質化學性質與植物生長
1.3.3 理想基質理化性質
1.3.4 基質水分特性在栽培中的影響
第二章 基質的基本參數和腐熟度變化
2.1 引言
2.2 材料與方法
2.2.1 試驗材料
2.2.2 測定項目與方法
2.3 結果與討論
2.3.1 容重、pH 值、EC 值和含水量的變化
2.3.2 種子發芽試驗
2.4 小結
第三章 不同腐熟程度基質化學參數的變化
3.1 引言
3.2 材料與方法
3.2.1 基質原料與配方
3.2.2 測定項目與方法
3.3 結果與分析
3.3.1 有機質、易氧化碳的變化
3.3.2 水溶性、堿溶性碳的變化
3.3.3 全氮、氨基酸態氮的變化
3.3.4 銨態氮和硝態氮的變化
3.3.5 全 p、全 k 的變化
3.4 小結
第四章 添加礦物對基質吸水性的改良
4.1 引言
4.2 材料與方法
4.2.1 實驗材料
4.2.2 測定項目與方法
4.3 結果與分析
4.3.1 添加珍珠巖和蛭石對基質吸水過程的影響
4.3.2 珍珠巖和蛭石對基質飽和含水量的影響
4.3.3 珍珠巖和蛭石對基質吸水速率的影響
4.3.4 蛭石和珍珠巖對基質滲透率的影響
4.4 小結
第五章 添加碳酸鈣和氧化鈣對基質發芽率的影響
5.1 引言
5.2 材料與方法
5.2.1 試驗方法
5.2.2 數據處理
5.3 結果與分析
5.4 小結
第六章 結論
參考文獻
致 謝
