本篇論文目錄導航：

【題目】毛澤東對美軍事斗爭的觀念探究
【第一章】毛澤東對美軍事對抗的成效分析前言
【第二章】毛澤東對美軍事斗爭的實踐脈絡
【第三章】毛澤東對戰斗思想的主要內容
【第四章】毛澤東對美軍事斗爭思想的當代價值
【結語/參考文獻】毛澤東對美軍事斗爭的經驗研究結語與參考文獻



摘 要

新中國成立后，以美國為首的軍事強國加大軍事威脅力度，不斷對我國實施封鎖、孤立、干涉和侵略。以毛澤東為核心的第一代領導集體，在戰略策略上與美國進行軍事斗爭中積累了豐富的經驗，提出了一系列科學有效的應對戰略策略，形成了毛澤東對美軍事斗爭思想的內容體系，為妥善處理中美關系指明了方向，提出了方法、步驟和措施。但在在毛澤東及毛澤思想研究中，對美軍事斗爭思想研究還沒有完整的研究專著和系統性的論述，尤其是毛澤東對美軍事斗爭的基點、原則和方式等系統性研究尚顯不足。本文按照“回顧歷史、梳理內容、總結貢獻、指導實踐”的研究思路，嘗試對這一斗爭歷程進行總結，對毛澤東對美軍事斗爭思想進行研究，為今后我國對美軍事斗爭實踐活動提供參考和借鑒。

在對美軍事斗爭實踐中，毛澤東根據不同歷史時期和國內外環境，采取不同的斗爭策略，取得了對美軍事斗爭的偉大勝利，捍衛國家主權和領土完整。本文按照歷史分析法，將對美軍事斗爭思想演變劃分為針鋒相對階段、政治接觸階段、冷戰共處階段和聯美抗蘇階段進行研究梳理。針鋒相對階段，從抗戰勝利到朝鮮戰爭結束，以美國為首的西方國家通過支持國民黨反共、支持法軍侵越、侵占臺灣海峽、武裝干涉朝鮮內政，對紅色中國實施全面封鎖。以毛澤東為核心的中國共產黨，針對美軍事干涉的嚴峻形勢，作出了從間接抗美積極自主爭取抗戰勝利果實，到“一邊倒”打破封鎖，再到抗美援朝直接對抗等一系列戰略調整，與之展開了針鋒相對的斗爭，打破了封鎖，提高了中國的國際地位。政治接觸階段，從抗美援朝戰爭結束到炮擊金門，毛澤東基于解決臺灣問題的現實考慮，通過日內瓦談判、大使級會談等面對面的方式與美國進行政治接觸，并通過策略性地炮擊金門，將美國逼回到談判桌旁，維持了“一個中國”的局面，開辟了敵對狀態下中美兩國相互溝通和聯系的新渠道。冷戰共處階段，從炮擊金門結束至珍寶島事件發生，美國通過建立東亞軍事聯盟、入侵越南和老撾、實施核訛詐等方式，對新中國實行“遏制”政策，毛澤東通過聯合反美，援越援撾抗美、發展核工業，打破被動局面，有力地抵制了美霸權主義。聯美抗蘇階段，從 1969 年到 1976 年，蘇聯軍事力量擴張，美國戰略力量收縮，通過“乒乓外交”緩和與美國的關系，實現了“一條線”聯美制蘇的目的，確保了中國利益，促進國際反對霸權主義統一戰線的形成。

通過梳理總結，本文認為毛澤東對美軍事斗爭思想的主要內容由對美軍事斗爭的根本出發點、基本原則和基本方式構成一個完整的體系。其根本出發點是在對戰爭與和平判斷的基礎上，以促進世界革命為前提，以國家利益為最高準則，以確保國家領土主權不受侵犯為底線，制定與調整對美軍事斗爭策略，針鋒相對反對美帝國主義，最大限度維護國家安全和國家利益。其基本方式是依靠群眾發動人民戰爭，團結一切可以團結的力量建立反霸統一戰線，立足以弱勝強靈活方法爭取勝利。其基本原則是科學分析形勢和敵我力量對比增強打贏信心，從實際出發實施正確的作戰指導，從大局出發力避全面沖突且不棄和解，堅持“有理、有利、有節”的斗爭原則，既要維護國家利益，又要避免發生面對面的直接軍事對抗，始終掌握戰爭主動權。

深入探討毛澤東對美軍事斗爭思想，對處理今后中美兩國軍事戰略關系具有重要的歷史借鑒意義和現實指導意義。首先，要從國際戰略全局著眼，縱橫捭闔，隨著國際形勢的變化而不斷調整斗爭策略，發展其他國家建立的友好關系，尊重世界的多樣性，遵循和平共處五項原則，積極發展與西方主要發達國家的關系，改善中國的外交環境，使中國在對美關系中占據更加有利地位。其次，要著眼全局謀劃，維護根本利益，敢于斗爭積累經驗，善于斗爭以斗求變，立足軍事斗爭準備，采取積極防御，同時避免全面沖突 ,爭取有利地位。再次，綜合運用政治、經濟、軍事、文化、信息等多種手段，保障國家安全，實現國家利益的最大化。最后，要重視發展包括政治力、經濟力、科學力、國防力、文教力、外交力、資源力在內的綜合國力，鞏固國家生存和發展利益的基礎，提高中國的國際地位，贏得對美軍事斗爭的主動權。

關鍵詞：毛澤東；對美；軍事斗爭；思想

ABSTRACT

After the founding of new China, the military powers nations led by Americanincreased the threat of military force, continuing implemented the blockade, isolation,interference and aggression to our nation. The leadership of the first leading group whichfollows Mao Zedong as the core had accumulated rich experience of strategy againstAmerica in the military struggle, and put forward a series of scientific and effective copingstrategy. The formation of the content system of Mao Zedong' military struggle thought onAmerica properly pointed out the direction, method and measures in handling the Sino-U.S.

relations. But in Mao Zedong and Mao Zedong thought research, to the American militaryideological struggle of haven't complete monograph and systemic discussion, especiallyMao Zedong to the U. S. military struggle basis points, the principles and ways of systemresearch is not sufficient. This paper in accordance with the “ review the history, tease outthe content, summarize the contribution, and guide the practice” research ideas, try tocarries on the summary to this struggle, to the U. military struggle thought of Mao Zedongresearch, provide reference for our country to the United States military struggle practice inthe future.

In the United States military struggle and practice, Mao Zedong according to thedifferent historical period and the domestic and foreign environment, take different tacticsof struggle, and achieved a great victory in the U.S. military struggle, to safeguard nationalsovereignty and territorial integrity. This paper according to the historical analysis method,will the U.S. military ideological struggle of evolution is divided for tit for tat stage, stagefor political engagement, cold war coexistence stage and uniting with America against theUSSR stage to sort out. Tit for tat stage is from the end of the victory of the war ofresistance against Japan to the Korean War. The western countries headed by the UnitedStates through support the Chinese Communist Party, support the French army in Vietnam,occupation of Taiwan Strait, armed intervention in the internal affairs of North Korea,implement the overall closure of Red China's. With Mao Zedong as the core of theCommunist Party of China, due to the serious situation of American military intervention,made a indirectly from the war to resist US aggression and actively strive for fruits ofvictory in the war of resistance against Japan, to “leaning to one side” to break the blockade,to resist direct confrontation and a series of strategic adjustment, and launched a tit for tatfight, breaking through the blockade and improve the international status of China. Politicalcontact stage, from the Korean War ended to the shelling of Jinmen, Mao Zedongsettlement of the Taiwan question based on practical considerations, through negotiations inGeneva, Ambassador level talks, such as face to face with the United States politicalcontact and through strategic shelling of Jinmen, the United States forced back to thenegotiating table, maintain a situation of “one China”, opened up a new channel of Sino UStwo countries to communicate with each other under the state of hostility. Cold warcoexistence stage, from the shelling of Jinmen until the end of the Zhenbao Island incidentoccurred, the United States through establish military alliance in East Asia, invasion ofVietnam and Laos, the implementation of nuclear blackmail, etc., of new China implement“containment” policy, Mao Zedong by United against America, Vietnam Laos to aid the warto resist US aggression and expansion of the nuclear industry, break the passive situation,effectively boycotted the hegemony of the United States. Uniting with America against theUSSR stage is from 1969 to 1976. Soviet military expansion, contraction of Americanstrategic power, through the “ping pong diplomacy” to ease the relationship with the UnitedStates, the realization of the “one line” United Artists of the Soviet Union, to ensure that theinterests of China, promote international opposition to hegemonies united front formation.

Through summary, this paper argues that Mao Zedong's main content of the militarystruggle against the US is a complete system from the fundamental point, basic principleand basic form of the military struggle of the US. The fundamental starting point is in ofbased on the judgment of war and peace, in order to promote the world revolution as the1and territorial integrity is not violated for the bottom line, formulate and adjust to theAmerican military tactics of struggle, tit for Tat against U.S. imperialism, the maximumsafeguard national security and national interests. The basic ways is to rely on the masseslaunched the people's war and unite the power of established United Front againsthegemony, based on the David and Goliath and flexible method for victory. The basicprinciple is the scientific analysis of the situation and the enemy force contrast enhancedwin confidence, from a practical point of view the implementation of proper operationalguidance, from the overall situation of avoiding all-out conflict and not to abandon thereconciliation, adhere to the “rational, beneficial, principle of struggle day”, both tosafeguard the interests of the state, but also to avoid face-to-face direct militaryconfrontation, always grasp the initiative in the war.

Mao Zedong to the US military struggle thought, and to deal with the future of SinoUS military strategic relationship has important historical significance and practicalguidance. First of all, from the point of view of international strategic situation, maneuvers,with the international situation changes constantly adjust tactics of struggle, development ofother countries to establish friendly relations, respect the diversity of the world, followedthe five principles of peaceful coexistence, and the positive development of the majorwestern developed countries, to improve China's environmental diplomacy, the Chinese inrelations with the United States occupy a more advantageous position. Secondly, to focuson the overall plan, safeguard the fundamental interests, dare to struggle to accumulateexperience, good at struggling to fight the change, based preparations for military struggle,to take active defense, while avoiding all-out conflict, for an advantageous position. Again,we use the comprehensive of political, economic, military, cultural, information and othermeans to protect national security, the maximization of national interests. Finally, to attachimportance to development, including political power, economic power, science, nationaldefense force, culture force, diplomatic power, resources, power, comprehensive nationalstrength, consolidate the foundation of national survival and development interests, toimprove China's international status, win the initiative in the U.S. military struggle.

Key words: Mao Zedong,to the United States,military struggle,thought

目 錄

摘 要

ABSTRACT

第一章 前 言

1.1 研究現狀和研究意義

1.1.1 研究現狀

1.1.2 研究意義

1.2 研究主要內容和研究方法

1.2.1 研究主要內容

1.2.2 研究方法

第二章 毛澤東對美軍事斗爭的實踐脈絡

2.1 針鋒相對階段的對美軍事斗爭

2.2 政治接觸階段的對美軍事斗爭

2.3 冷戰共處階段的對美軍事斗爭

2.4 聯美抗蘇階段的對美軍事斗爭

第三章 毛澤東對美軍事斗爭思想的主要內容

3.1 毛澤東對美軍事斗爭的根本出發點

3.1.1 對戰爭與和平作出新判斷，在世界革命中思考謀劃

3.1.2 捍衛國家主權和安全，以國家利益為最高準則

3.2 毛澤東對美軍事斗爭的基本方式

3.2.1 堅持人民戰爭

3.2.2 重視統一戰線

3.2.3 立足以弱勝強

3.3 毛澤東對美軍事斗爭的基本原則

3.3.1 敢于斗爭又善于斗爭

3.3.2 力避全面沖突且不棄和解

3.3.3 具體斗爭實踐中堅持“三有”掌握主動

第四章 毛澤東對美軍事斗爭思想的當代價值

4.1 縱橫捭闔國際戰略，贏得對美斗爭主動權

4.2 敢于斗爭積累經驗，善于斗爭以斗求變

4.3 運用國家政權籌劃戰爭，多法并舉維護國家安全

4.4 提升綜合國力，合力制勝

第五章 結束語

參考文獻

致 謝