[關鍵詞] SAPHO綜合征;骶髂關節;磁共振成像。
Abstract Objective: To retrospectively evaluate the MRI features of sacroiliacjoint (SIJ) disorders in 13 SAPHO patients, thus increasing the awareness of SAPHOsyndrome among clinicians and improving its diagnostic accuracy. Materials andMethods: 13 SAPHO patients with SIJ involvement (female: male, 9:4; mean±SDage, 45.9±8.9 years) who presented to Peking Union Medical College Hospitalbetween November 2014 andAugust 2015 were enrolled. MR images of the SIJs wereevaluated. Results: In our study, 11 SAPHO patients were involved with SIJ disordersbilaterally and 2 unilaterally. Therefore, a total of 24 SIJs were affected. Among theinvolved 24 SIJs, lesions in 16 SIJs predominantly affected the sacrum, and lesionsin 20 SIJs involved both the synovial proportion and ligamentous proportion. Severalabnormal MRI signal intensities in the bone adjacent to SIJs were detected, includingbone marrow edema(16/24), fatty deposition(24/24), bony erosion(18/24) andsclerosis (19/24)。 Joint space widening was present in 8.3%(2/24) of SIJs, joint spacenarrowing in 16.7%(4/24) and articular ankylosis in 20.8%(5/24)。 Articular effusionswere observed in 25%(6/24) of SIJs. Edema in the surrounding soft tissue wasdetected in 8.3%(2/24) of SIJs. Conclusion: SIJs were more bilaterally involved inSAPHO patients, with predilection on the sacrum. Active lesions and chronic lesionsusually coexist, with a lower prevalence of ankylosing. These MRI features couldprovide certain information of SAPHO syndrome. Consultation of skin lesions shouldbe taken into consideration for a comprehensive evaluation and definite diagnosis.
Key words SAPHO syndrome; Sacroiliac joint; Magnetic resonance imaging.
SAPHO綜合征是一組較為罕見的臨床綜合 征,病變主要累及皮膚和骨骼[1].其發病率各家報道不一,為0.00144/100000~1/10000[2],我國目前尚無準確的發病率統計。由于此病的發病率較低,在過去較長時間內,學者們未能對其達成統一的認識。因此,SAPHO綜合征曾被命名為膿皰病性關節炎骨炎、獲得性骨肥厚綜合征、前胸壁炎癥綜合征、胸肋鎖骨骨肥厚、慢性復發性多灶性骨髓炎、慢性下頜骨骨炎、硬化性骨髓炎、痤瘡相關脊柱關節炎等50多種名稱[3].直到1987年,Chamot等[4]首次提出了SAPHO綜合征的概念,用其作為滑膜炎(synovitis)、痤瘡(acne)、掌趾膿皰?。╬almplantar pustulosis)、骨肥厚(hyperostosis)及骨炎(osteitis)的簡稱。該名稱得到了廣泛的認可,并得以沿用至今。
SAPHO綜合征的病因及發病機制至今尚未明確。鑒于其較高的脊柱及骶髂關節受累比例及其典型的皮膚病變,有學者提出應將其歸類為脊柱關節炎(spondyloarthritis,SpA)的范疇[3,5-6].SAPHO綜合征患者的皮膚病變主要包括掌趾膿皰病和重度痤瘡[7-8];骨骼病變主要包括無菌性骨炎、骨肥厚、滑膜炎、關節炎及附著點炎,其最常累及的部位為前胸壁(主要包括胸鎖關節、胸肋關節及胸骨柄胸骨關節),其次為脊柱和骶髂關節[3,9].影像學檢查在骨骼病變的明確診斷及監測治療過程中起著至關重要的作用。目前,99mTc全身骨顯像所提示的前胸壁病變“牛頭征”已成為診斷SAPHO綜合征的特異性征象[10].
然而,關于SAPHO綜合征患者的骶髂關節病變,目前國內外文獻鮮有報道。本文回顧性地分析13例SAPHO綜合征患者的臨床資料及骶髂關節MRI圖像,總結其骶髂關節病變的影像學特征,旨在提高對此病的認識,提高診斷的準確性。
1 材料與方法。
1.1 一般資料。
納入2014年11月至2015年8月于北京協和醫院門診就診的13例SAPHO綜合征患者,其中女9例,男4例,年齡31~62歲,平均年齡(45.9±8.9)歲,平均發病年齡(39.7±11.6)歲,病程為(5.6±5.9)年。納入標準:(1)滿足由Kahn于1994年提出并于2003年修改的SAPHO綜合征診斷標準[11];(2)骶髂關節MRI檢查提示骶髂關節受累。
1.2 影像學設備及檢查方法。
上述13例SAPHO綜合征患者均于北京協和醫院放射科行雙側骶髂關節MRI檢查,使用Siemens MAGNETOM Skyra 3.0 T超導磁共振儀。沿骶骨長軸行斜冠狀位掃描,掃描序列包括T1WI、T2WI、壓脂T2WI及壓水T2WI序列。具體參數如下:(1) T1WI:TE=11 ms,TR=514 ms,層厚 3 mm,FOV 260 mm×260 mm;(2) T2WI:TE=95ms,TR=3000 ms,層厚 3 mm,FOV260 mm×260 mm;(3)壓脂T2WI:TE=39 ms,T R = 2 0 0 0 m s ,層厚 3 m m , FOV 260 mm ×260 mm;(4)壓水T2WI:TE=2 ms,TR=501 ms,層厚 3 mm,FOV 260 mm×260 mm.