一個國家或地區的大多獎牌多數由優勢項目獲得的,在一定程度上這就要求我國各1因素,從而形成集團優勢,對于廈門市來說同樣面臨這樣的問題。筆者運用文獻資料、專家訪談、問卷調查、數理統計及邏輯分析等方法,以廈門市現設的競技體育項目為研究對象,統計廈門市運動員參加近三屆福建省運會(第 13、14、15 屆)、全運會(第 10、11、12 屆)、亞運會(第 15、16、17 屆)、奧運會(第 28、29、30 屆)各個項目所取得的獎牌數,并根據《福建省第十五屆運動會競賽規程總則》(青少年部)賦予項目相應的分值,把得分相加制作帕累托分析表對廈門市競技體育優勢項目進行界定、選擇優勢項目,并分析制約廈門市競技體育優勢項目發展的因素,最后提出戰略對策。
研究結果顯示:男子優勢項目共 10 大項,分別是羽毛球、舉重、田徑、游泳、帆船、射擊、射箭、體操、皮劃艇、跆拳道;潛優勢項目共 7 大項,分別是拳擊、賽艇、乒乓球、1柔道、籃球、足球、排球、摔跤。女子優勢項目共 7 大項,分別是田徑、游泳、體操、射擊、射箭、舉重、賽艇;潛優勢項目共 6 大項,分別是帆船、羽毛球、跆拳道、帆板、皮劃艇、乒乓球;一般發展項目共 12 大項,分別是籃球、蹦床、武術套路、排球、擊劍、跳水、柔道、摔跤、武術散打、拳擊、網球、足球。
廈門市開展的項目布局分為 4 大類:優勢項目、潛優勢項目、一般發展項目和基礎項目,在戰略的布局上應以堅持“突出優勢、挖掘潛優勢、兼顧一般、抓基礎”的原則。
制約廈門市優勢項目發展的因素有四大類;分別為人員類因素,包括后備力量、教練員進修培訓、教練員水平、運動員素質、運動員退役后就業問題、家人支持;管理類因素,包括政府領導重視程度、后備人才培養體制、投入經費、人員物質激勵機制、后勤保障、科學管理制度或體系;訓練類因素,包括學訓矛盾、訓練場地器材設施、訓練科學化;社會類因素,包括體教結合、聯合辦學。
提出重視實施競技體育后備人才培養工程、加強教練員培訓提升教練綜合素質完善、完善運動員保障體系、完善教練員、運動員及后勤人員的獎勵機制、加強科技隊伍建設,提高服務水平、完善訓練場地器材等設施、科學選材、訓練和監督、加快體育職業化步伐、繼續加強管理創新和目標責任到位、體教結合、聯合辦學、省內合作、聯合招生、加強共建等對策。
關鍵詞:廈門市;競技體育;優勢項目
Abstract
Most of a country or region from the advantages of the project to get more medals, to acertain extent, which requires all provinces, municipalities and regions based on the actual localconditions scientific selection, rational distribution of its advantages of the project, identify thefactors that hinder their development, to form a group advantage for Xiamen is also facing thisproblem. I use literature, expert interviews, questionnaires, methods of mathematical statisticsand logical analysis, currently located in Xiamen City of competitive sports for the study,statistical Xiamen City, Fujian Provincial Games athletes to participate in nearly three (13, 14,number of medals in the 15th), Games (10,11,12 th), Asian (15, 16, the first session), Games(28,29,30 the first session) projects made and based on “ Fujian fifteenth session of the Gamescompetition rules, General Provisions ”(Juvenile section) to assign relative scores, the scores areadded to make Pareto analysis table definition of Xiamen advantageous sports events, select theadvantages of the project and analyze the constraints of Xiamen factors City Sports advantage ofproject development. Finally, strategic countermeasures.
The results showed that: Men advantages of the project a total of 10 major items, namely,badminton, weightlifting, track and field, swimming, sailing, shooting, archery, gymnastics,canoeing,Taekwondo; latent advantages of the project a total of seven items, namely boxing,rowing , table tennis, trampoline, diving, Sanda, windsurfing; the general development of theproject a total of eight projects, namely Wushu, fencing, tennis, judo, basketball, football,volleyball, wrestling. Woman advantages of the project a total of seven items, namely athletics,swimming, gymnastics, shooting, archery, weightlifting, rowing; latent advantages of the projecta total of six, are sailing, badminton, taekwondo, windsurfing, canoeing, table tennis; Usually atotal of 12 development projects, namely basketball, trampoline, Wushu, volleyball, fencing,diving, judo, wrestling, martial arts Sanda, boxing, tennis, football.
Xiamen City, the existing project undertaken layout is divided into four categories: Eventsand Potential advantages of the project, the general development projects and infrastructureprojects in the distribution strategy should be to adhere to the “outstanding advantages, tap latentadvantage, taking into account the general, basic grasp” the rules.
Restricting Xiamen advantages of project development factors are four categories; classstaff were factors, including reserve forces, coaches refresher training, the level of coaches,athletes quality, employment, family support after retired athletes; Management of factors,including government leadership emphasis, reserve personnel training system, investment funds,personnel material incentives, logistics, scientific management system or systems; training-likefactors, including learning and training conflicts, training venues and equipment facilities,scientific training; social class factors, including body combination, joint school.
It attached importance to the implementation of the Competitive Sports Reserve personneltraining project to strengthen the training of coaches to enhance the overall quality of the coachto improve athletic competition system, improve the athletes security system, improve theincentive mechanism coaches, athletes and support staff, and strengthen the construction ofscientific and technological personnel, improve service levels, improve training venues andequipment and other facilities, scientific selection, training and supervision, accelerate the paceof professional sports continue to strengthen the management and innovation objectivesresponsibility, combination, joint schools, the province cooperation, joint enrollment, strengthenand build and other countermeasures.
Keyword:Xiamen ;Competitive sports;Advantage
目 錄
第 1 章 引言
1.1 研究背景
1.2 文獻綜述
1.2.1 國內優勢項目概念界定
1.2.2 優勢項目的特點及作用
1.2.3 優勢項目的成因
1.2.4 我國、福建省、廈門市優勢項目布局
1.2.5 優勢項目界定的理論依據
1.2.6 優勢項目界定的方法
第 2 章 研究對象與方法
2.1 研究對象
2.2 研究方法
2.2.1 帕累托分析法
2.2.2 文獻資料法
2.2.3 問卷調查法
2.2.4 數理統計法
2.2.5 邏輯分析法
2.2.6 專家訪談法
第 3 章 研究結果與分析
3.1 廈門市競技體育優勢項目的界定
3.1.1 廈門市競技體育優勢項目的確定
3.2 廈門市優勢項目中運動員及教練員現狀分析
3.2.1 優勢項目運動員現狀分析
3.2.2 優勢項目教練員現狀分析
3.3 廈門市競技體育優勢項目布局
3.3.1 競技體育優勢項目布局的定義和意義
3.4 廈門市競技體育優勢項目發展的制約因素
3.4.1 人才類因素
3.4.2 管理類因素
3.4.3 訓練類因素
3.4.4 社會類因素
3.5 廈門市競技體育優勢項目發展對策分析
3.5.1 重視實施競技體育后備人才培養工程
3.5.2 加強教練員培訓提升教練綜合素質
3.5.3 完善運動員保障體系
3.5.4 完善教練員、運動員及后勤人員的獎勵機制
3.5.5 加強科技隊伍建設,提高服務水平
3.5.6 完善訓練場地器材等設施
3.5.7 科學選材、訓練和監督
3.5.8 加快體育職業化步伐
3.5.9 繼續加強管理創新和目標責任到位
3.5.10 體教結合、聯合辦學、省內合作、聯合招生、加強共建
第 4 章 結論與建議
4.1 結論
4.1.1 廈門市競技體育男、女優勢項目、潛優勢項目和一般發展項目
4.1.2 廈門市競技體育優勢項目布局
4.1.3 影響廈門市優勢項目發展的因素
4.1.4 廈門市競技體育優勢項目發展對策
4.2 建議
4.2.1 采用多種方式培養競技體育后備人才
4.2.2 重視教練員培訓力度,提升綜合素質
4.2.3 完善運動員保障體系,切實維護運動員切身利益
4.2.4 完善教練員、運動員及后勤人員的獎勵機制,調動工作積極性
4.2.5 加強科技隊伍建設,提高服務水平
4.2.6 重視訓練場地、器材等硬件設施的建設及維護
4.2.7 提高選材、訓練的科學性
4.2.8 繼續推進體育職業化,加強管理創新和目標責任到位
致謝
參考文獻