關鍵詞:整合性神經肌肉訓練;運動表現;運動損傷。
Abstract:This paper used a longitudinal and pretest-posttest design to quantify the effect of neuro-muscular training on the improvement of motor performance and prevention of injury. Exercise ca-pacity and biomechanical tests were performed before and after training intervention. The study hy-pothesized that the training could improve athletic performance significantly(vertical jump,single-leg side jump,speed and agility,bench press and squat 1RM)as well as improved the lower limbmovement mode(limprove the range of knee movement,and reduced knee varus and valgus torque.The results showed that,compared with the control group(CG)which did not carry out the integra-tion of neuromuscular training,the test of vertical jump,single-leg side jump,speed and agility,bench press,squat,knee motion,knee varus and valgus toque of experimental group(EG)showed a significant improvement(P<0.05)。 Conclusions:Integrative neuromuscular training em-phasizes flexion knee movement and stability exercises. It changes the biomechanical model of theknee joint force. Especially,the knee flexion action at moment of jumping and landing improved ob-viously. Besides that,the action biomechanical rationality is improved. It can not only reduce the po-tential risk of lower extremity injury effectively,but also can improve the performance and qualityof movement directly. It is suggested that in the following training,the training methods such as su-per-length training,resisting force training,core stability training,balance training and speed agili-ty training should be combined rationally,the cumulative effects of these training can improve theexercise performance and prevent injury of athletes effectively.
1 前言。
整合性神經肌肉訓練(Integrative Neuromuscular Train-ing,INT)是指結合一般的功能性動作訓練和特定的力量、平衡、速度、靈敏性以及超等長的訓練,其訓練目的在于提高運動表現和預防運動損傷(圖1)[19,20,26,49,50].這一訓練模式也有利于發展運動員在競技運動中的本體感覺和認知能力。整合性神經肌肉訓練的首要目的是提高運動員預防損傷的能力,發展功能性動作質量,但有研究也表明,Key words:integrated neuromuscular training;sport performance;sport injury.該訓練可以有效地提高運動表現,包括的提高下肢爆發力、靈敏性以及速度等能力[17,18,38,39,65].另外,整合性神經肌肉訓練的干預可以通過改善機體的肌肉-韌帶結構提升身體的協調能力[55].
對于整合性神經肌肉訓練,女運動員比男性運動員更加受益,女運動員表現出較低的力量和爆發力水平,專門為她們設計的全面的神經肌肉訓練項目可能會顯著增加女運動員的爆發力、力量、神經肌肉控制能力,降低性別差異[39,40].動態的神經肌肉訓練也得到了證實,該訓練可以減少在性別上的差異,同時可以增加骨骼、韌帶和肌腱的強度[21,23,34,57],這在某種程度上可以降低女運動員發生運動損傷的風險。然而,目前鮮見研究證明整合性神經肌肉訓練可以顯著提高女子運動員的運動表現。
本研究的目的是檢驗整合性的神經肌肉訓練對于女運動員提高運動表現以及改善下肢生物力學的訓練效果(即預防運動損傷)。研究假設,該訓練能夠顯著提高女子運動員的運動表現(垂直跳、單腿跳的距離、速度、靈敏、臥推以及深蹲),改善下肢發力模式,降低下肢運動損傷機率(提高膝關節活動度和降低膝內翻和外翻扭矩)。
2 研究對象與方法。