摘要
墨遺萍是當代蒲劇界一位比較重要的劇作家，他一生勤于筆耕，著作頗豐，創作了二十五個蒲劇劇本。同時墨遺萍也是蒲劇界首屈一指的戲劇理論家，其《蒲劇史魂》對蒲州梆子的形成、發展、興盛、衰落等作了大量的調查、記錄與考證，是研究蒲州梆子的重要史料。除此之外，他首開蒲劇田野調查之風，記錄、整理大量寶貴資料，為地方戲的研究提供借鑒。然而由于種種原因，其劇作長期以來沒有得到應有的重視，研究者未能展現其劇作的成就，沒有對其進行全面深入的研究。故本文試圖全面關照其生平、劇作及蒲劇史，并以劇作為中心，深入挖掘其劇作的主題思想，揭示成因。
在緒論部分，筆者首先綜述了對墨遺萍相關研究的歷程。至今，對他的研究大多是一些懷念性的，評價也多不夠全面，尤其是其劇作幾乎無人做進一步的整理和研究。主體部分從以下四個部分逐層進行論述。第一部分，生平考述。墨遺萍深受墨子“利天下而為之”思想的影響，積極參加革命活動，在從事文藝工作之后，能夠通過戲曲來反映自己對社會的認知，激勵鼓舞著人民群眾。第二部分，新編歷史故事戲研究。墨遺萍一生創作十六部新編歷史故事戲，根據劇作內容分為民族矛盾劇、反奸除壞劇、愛國劇、勵志劇、止戰劇、抗爭劇。第三部分，現代戲研究。墨遺萍共創作了九個現代戲，依據劇作所反映的時代問題分為教育劇、抗戰劇與階級斗爭劇，從中感受文藝“工具論”的特點。第四部分，墨遺萍對蒲劇史的研究。首先墨遺萍對蒲劇史開拓性的研究，從蒲劇的形成、蒲劇的特色以及雅與俗的認識三方面概括《蒲劇史魂》的意義。其次墨遺萍進行蒲劇田野調查，搜集整理了蒲劇資料大量寶貴資料。最后在結語部分，概括了墨遺萍對蒲劇的貢獻。
本文通過墨遺萍生平及其劇作的全面展示與分析，深入挖掘其劇作所蘊涵的思想及藝術閃光點，肯定了他在蒲劇界的歷史地位及價值，對蒲劇劇作家的研究作了必要的補充。
【關 鍵 詞】 墨遺萍 生平與創作 蒲劇史貢獻
Abstract
Mo Yiping is an important playwright of contemporary Pu opera. He haswritten many plays in his life, including 25 Pu opera scripts. At the same time,Mo Yiping is also a leading drama theorist of Pu opera. His works Pu OperaHistory, which made a lot of investigation, record and textual research aboutthe formation, development, prosperity and recession of Puzhou Bangzi, is animportant historical material for the research of Puzhou Bangzi. Besides, heis the first one to conduct field investigation about Pu opera, and records andsorts a lot of valuable materials, providing guidance for the research of localopera. However, due to various reasons, his plays have not gotten enoughattention for a long time. The researchers have not been able to conductcomprehensive thorough research about him and show his achievements onplay writing. Therefore, the thesis focuses on his plays, and tries to dig intothe theme of his plays and reveal the causes from his life, plays and thehistory of Pu opera.
In the introduction, the author firstly reviews the research history aboutMo Yiping. Till now, researches about him are mostly about yearning, and theevaluation about him is not comprehensive either. Especially, there is almostno one doing further collation and research about his plays. The main part isdiscussed from the following four parts. First part, research of his life.
Deeply affected by Mo-tse's thought “Do things benefiting the whole world”,Mo Yiping actively participated in revolutionary activities. After engaging inliterary and artistic work, he wanted to use drama to reflect his recognitionof the society and encouraging the masses of the people. Second part,research of newly organized historical story drama. Mo Yiping has created 16newly organized historical story dramas in his life, which can be divided intoethnic conflicts drama, evil punishment drama, patriotic drama, inspirationaldrama, war ending drama and protest drama according to the content. Thirdpart, research of modern drama. Mo Yiping has created 9 modern dramas intotal, which can be divided into educational drama, resistance drama andclass struggle drama according to the times problems the drama hasreflected. People can learn the “instrumentalism” feature of literature andart from these dramas. Fourth part, Mo Yiping's research of Pu opera history.
Firstly, it tells about Mo Yiping's pioneering study about Pu opera history, andsummarizes the significances of Pu Opera History from three aspects: theformation, feature of Pu opera, and the recognition of elegant and vulgar.
Secondly, it tells about Mo Yiping's field investigation of Pu opera, whichcollects and sorts a lot of valuable materials about Pu opera. In the end, itsummarizes Mo Yiping's contribution to Pu opera in the conclusion.
The thesis digs into the thought and art flashpoint in Mo Yiping's playsthrough comprehensive display and analysis of his life and plays, affirminghis historical status and values in Pu opera and making necessarysupplement for the study of Pu opera playwrights.
【Key Words】 MoYiping life and creation contribution to Pu operahistory
目 錄
1 緒 論
1.1 選題的動機
1.2 研究現狀
1.3 研究的目的意義
2 墨遺萍先生的生平
2.1 1949 年前的墨遺萍
2.2 建國后的墨遺萍
3 新編歷史故事戲研究
3.1 民族矛盾劇
3.1.1 民族矛盾劇的劇情
3.1.2 民族矛盾劇的觀念
3.1.3 民族矛盾劇的行為特點：人民性 暴力性
3.2 反奸除壞劇
3.2.1 反奸除壞劇劇情
3.2.2 反奸除壞劇的主題意義
3.2.3 反奸除壞劇能夠成功的原因
3.3 愛國劇
3.3.1 愛國劇劇情
3.3.2 愛國劇的創作意圖
3.4 其他類型的劇作
3.4.1 勵志的《龍門記》
3.4.2 止戰的《云梯圖》
3.4.3 抗爭的《乞巧圖》
4 墨遺萍現代戲研究
4.1 教育劇
4.1.1 顧全大局，反對本位主義的《牛菜篇》
4.1.2 追求實事求是的《六個字》、《取經記》
4.2 抗戰劇
4.3 階級斗爭劇
5 墨遺萍對蒲劇史的貢獻
5.1《蒲劇史魂》對蒲劇的認識
5.1.1 蒲劇的形成
5.1.2 蒲劇的特色
5.1.3 雅與俗的認識
5.2 田野調查
5.3 墨遺萍對于戲曲相關方面的認識
5.3.1 墨遺萍《觀劇雜談》
5.3.2“夢柳得柳”的體會
5.3.3“趙氏孤兒”的感想
結語
致謝
參考文獻
墨遺萍是當代蒲劇界一位比較重要的劇作家，他一生勤于筆耕，著作頗豐，創作了二十五個蒲劇劇本。同時墨遺萍也是蒲劇界首屈一指的戲劇理論家，其《蒲劇史魂》對蒲州梆子的形成、發展、興盛、衰落等作了大量的調查、記錄與考證，是研究蒲州梆子的重要史料。除此之外，他首開蒲劇田野調查之風，記錄、整理大量寶貴資料，為地方戲的研究提供借鑒。然而由于種種原因，其劇作長期以來沒有得到應有的重視，研究者未能展現其劇作的成就，沒有對其進行全面深入的研究。故本文試圖全面關照其生平、劇作及蒲劇史，并以劇作為中心，深入挖掘其劇作的主題思想，揭示成因。
在緒論部分，筆者首先綜述了對墨遺萍相關研究的歷程。至今，對他的研究大多是一些懷念性的，評價也多不夠全面，尤其是其劇作幾乎無人做進一步的整理和研究。主體部分從以下四個部分逐層進行論述。第一部分，生平考述。墨遺萍深受墨子“利天下而為之”思想的影響，積極參加革命活動，在從事文藝工作之后，能夠通過戲曲來反映自己對社會的認知，激勵鼓舞著人民群眾。第二部分，新編歷史故事戲研究。墨遺萍一生創作十六部新編歷史故事戲，根據劇作內容分為民族矛盾劇、反奸除壞劇、愛國劇、勵志劇、止戰劇、抗爭劇。第三部分，現代戲研究。墨遺萍共創作了九個現代戲，依據劇作所反映的時代問題分為教育劇、抗戰劇與階級斗爭劇，從中感受文藝“工具論”的特點。第四部分，墨遺萍對蒲劇史的研究。首先墨遺萍對蒲劇史開拓性的研究，從蒲劇的形成、蒲劇的特色以及雅與俗的認識三方面概括《蒲劇史魂》的意義。其次墨遺萍進行蒲劇田野調查，搜集整理了蒲劇資料大量寶貴資料。最后在結語部分，概括了墨遺萍對蒲劇的貢獻。
本文通過墨遺萍生平及其劇作的全面展示與分析，深入挖掘其劇作所蘊涵的思想及藝術閃光點，肯定了他在蒲劇界的歷史地位及價值，對蒲劇劇作家的研究作了必要的補充。
【關 鍵 詞】 墨遺萍 生平與創作 蒲劇史貢獻
Abstract
Mo Yiping is an important playwright of contemporary Pu opera. He haswritten many plays in his life, including 25 Pu opera scripts. At the same time,Mo Yiping is also a leading drama theorist of Pu opera. His works Pu OperaHistory, which made a lot of investigation, record and textual research aboutthe formation, development, prosperity and recession of Puzhou Bangzi, is animportant historical material for the research of Puzhou Bangzi. Besides, heis the first one to conduct field investigation about Pu opera, and records andsorts a lot of valuable materials, providing guidance for the research of localopera. However, due to various reasons, his plays have not gotten enoughattention for a long time. The researchers have not been able to conductcomprehensive thorough research about him and show his achievements onplay writing. Therefore, the thesis focuses on his plays, and tries to dig intothe theme of his plays and reveal the causes from his life, plays and thehistory of Pu opera.
In the introduction, the author firstly reviews the research history aboutMo Yiping. Till now, researches about him are mostly about yearning, and theevaluation about him is not comprehensive either. Especially, there is almostno one doing further collation and research about his plays. The main part isdiscussed from the following four parts. First part, research of his life.
Deeply affected by Mo-tse's thought “Do things benefiting the whole world”,Mo Yiping actively participated in revolutionary activities. After engaging inliterary and artistic work, he wanted to use drama to reflect his recognitionof the society and encouraging the masses of the people. Second part,research of newly organized historical story drama. Mo Yiping has created 16newly organized historical story dramas in his life, which can be divided intoethnic conflicts drama, evil punishment drama, patriotic drama, inspirationaldrama, war ending drama and protest drama according to the content. Thirdpart, research of modern drama. Mo Yiping has created 9 modern dramas intotal, which can be divided into educational drama, resistance drama andclass struggle drama according to the times problems the drama hasreflected. People can learn the “instrumentalism” feature of literature andart from these dramas. Fourth part, Mo Yiping's research of Pu opera history.
Firstly, it tells about Mo Yiping's pioneering study about Pu opera history, andsummarizes the significances of Pu Opera History from three aspects: theformation, feature of Pu opera, and the recognition of elegant and vulgar.
Secondly, it tells about Mo Yiping's field investigation of Pu opera, whichcollects and sorts a lot of valuable materials about Pu opera. In the end, itsummarizes Mo Yiping's contribution to Pu opera in the conclusion.
The thesis digs into the thought and art flashpoint in Mo Yiping's playsthrough comprehensive display and analysis of his life and plays, affirminghis historical status and values in Pu opera and making necessarysupplement for the study of Pu opera playwrights.
【Key Words】 MoYiping life and creation contribution to Pu operahistory
目 錄
1 緒 論
1.1 選題的動機
1.2 研究現狀
1.3 研究的目的意義
2 墨遺萍先生的生平
2.1 1949 年前的墨遺萍
2.2 建國后的墨遺萍
3 新編歷史故事戲研究
3.1 民族矛盾劇
3.1.1 民族矛盾劇的劇情
3.1.2 民族矛盾劇的觀念
3.1.3 民族矛盾劇的行為特點：人民性 暴力性
3.2 反奸除壞劇
3.2.1 反奸除壞劇劇情
3.2.2 反奸除壞劇的主題意義
3.2.3 反奸除壞劇能夠成功的原因
3.3 愛國劇
3.3.1 愛國劇劇情
3.3.2 愛國劇的創作意圖
3.4 其他類型的劇作
3.4.1 勵志的《龍門記》
3.4.2 止戰的《云梯圖》
3.4.3 抗爭的《乞巧圖》
4 墨遺萍現代戲研究
4.1 教育劇
4.1.1 顧全大局，反對本位主義的《牛菜篇》
4.1.2 追求實事求是的《六個字》、《取經記》
4.2 抗戰劇
4.3 階級斗爭劇
5 墨遺萍對蒲劇史的貢獻
5.1《蒲劇史魂》對蒲劇的認識
5.1.1 蒲劇的形成
5.1.2 蒲劇的特色
5.1.3 雅與俗的認識
5.2 田野調查
5.3 墨遺萍對于戲曲相關方面的認識
5.3.1 墨遺萍《觀劇雜談》
5.3.2“夢柳得柳”的體會
5.3.3“趙氏孤兒”的感想
結語
致謝
參考文獻
