摘要
近些年來，我國城鎮化進程得到了極大發展，城鎮化率從 1978 年的 17.9%提高到 2015 年的 56.1%,我國的城鎮常住人口也從 1.7 億人增加到了 7.7 億人。但是，2015 年我國的戶籍人口城鎮化率卻只有 39.9%,不僅遠低于發達國家 80%的平均水平，也低于人均收入與我國相近的發展中國家 60%的平均水平，這極大地制約了我國城鎮化的健康發展。為此，中央城鎮化工作會議和《國家新型城鎮化規劃（2014-2020 年）》都提出，新型城鎮化要以人的城鎮化為核心，把有序推進農業轉移人口市民化作為下一步工作的重中之重，并提出到2020 年要實現常住人口城鎮化率達到 60%,戶籍人口城鎮化率達到 45%左右。
從目前狀況來看，60% 的目標比較容易實現，但是戶籍人口城鎮化率要達到45%,則需要付出巨大的努力。為此，《十三五規劃綱要》指出，“推進有能力在城鎮穩定就業和生活的農業轉移人口舉家進城落戶，并與城鎮居民享有同等權利和義務?！边@表明了黨和政府推進農民工市民化的堅強決心。
然而在實踐中，農民工有很強烈的市民化的愿望，卻沒有相應的市民化的能力，政府近些年圍繞著解決市民化的外在制度障礙做出了很大努力。下一步的重點要放在農民工市民化的能力建設方面，即提升農民工的人力資本。農民工人力資本的提升不僅有利于順利地實現市民化，也有利于我國在經濟新常態下收獲更高層次的人口紅利，更有利于創新型國家的戰略目標的實現，打造中國經濟升級版。為此，本文以農民工市民化為主題，以人力資本為主線展開研究。農民工市民化是要實現的目標，而人力資本的提升則是實現的手段。本文的主要內容和主要結論如下：
緒論部分是概述，主要介紹了選題的背景與意義、思路和方法，以及對現有的研究進行了梳理，可能的創新與不足。
第 2 章是本文的理論分析部分。在本章中，本文梳理了馬克思關于人力資本的思想和西方經濟學關于人力資本的思想，以及人力資本思想對于解決農民工市民化問題的意義。
第 3 章和第 4 章是本文的現實分析部分，也是本文的主體分析部分。在第3 章中，本文首先分析了當前農民工在人力資本存量和增量方面存在的問題，以及這種人力資本困境對于市民化的影響。第 4 章著重從宏觀和微觀兩個方面論述農民工人力資本困境的原因，宏觀方面可以歸結為二元勞動力市場、產業結構不合理、教育資源分配不均；微觀方面則是農民工培訓的缺失。
第 5 章是本文的政策建議部分，針對第 4 章中分析的原因，結合國家在農民工市民化方面的最新政策，提出了從外圍解決措施和內在提升措施兩方面加快提升農民工的人力資本，提出的解決措施注重將提升農民工的人力資本與解決市民化過程中重要的外在制約因素結合起來。
關鍵詞：人力資本，農民工，市民化，培訓
Abstract
Over the years,urbanization in China has experienced a rapid growth, which canbe seen from the urbanization rate increasing from 17.9% in 1978 to 56.1% in 2015and also the population of permanent residents in cities and towns increasing from170 million to 770 million. Nevertheless, the census register population urbanizationrate is only 35.9% in China by 2013, being not only much lower than the averagelevel of 80% in the developed countries but lower than the average level of 60% in thedeveloping countries, which is an obstacle to the sound development of urbanization.
Therefore, the Central Working Conference of Urbanization and the National NewUrbanization Planning （2014-2020） has stressed that the new-type urbanization oughtto be human-centered and the citizenization of rural-to-urban population should beprioritized in the next step. Meanwhile, by 2020, the urbanization rate of permanentresidents should reach 60% and household register population urbanization rate oughtto attain 45%. At present, the former is readily achievable while the latter still requireconsiderable efforts. Consequently, the 13th Five-Year Plan points out that topromote the rural-to-urban population whose urban employment and living are stableurbanizes with their families and guarantee their parallel rights and obligations withurban residents, which has indicated the government's determination to realize thecitizenization of migrant workers.
While, though being eager to be citizen, the migrant workers are lack of relatedcompetence. In these years, the government has made great efforts to wipe out theinstitutional obstacles to citizenization. And the next point is rural migrant workers'competence for urbanization, namely the promotion of migrant workers' humancapital, which is not only beneficial to citizenization, but to harvest a higher level ofdemographic dividend under the New Normal, more conducive to the implementationof an innovation-oriented country and an updated version of the Chinese economy.
Thus, revolving around the citizenization of migrant workers, this paper employs thehuman capital as the mainline, migrant workers' urbanization as the objective andpromotion of migrant workers' human capital as the approach. The critical contentsand conclusions are as follows:
Introduction, being an overview of this paper, primarily introduces background,significances, ideas and methods of the selected topic and generalizes the existingresearches, potential innovation and deficiency.
Chapter two is theoretical analysis. This chapter focuses on the human capitaltheories in Marxist economics and Western economics as well as its significance tothe urbanization of rural migrant workers.
Chapter three and chapter four are realistic analysis, being the critical part of thisarticle. Chapter three firstly analyzes the current difficulties in the stock andincremental human capital of rural migrant workers as well as its influence tourbanization. Chapter Four concentrates on the macroscopic and microscopic reasonsfor the human capital dilemma of rural migrant workers. On the macro level, it is onaccount of dual labor market, unreasonable industrial structure and unevendistribution of education resource. On the micro level, it is the lack of migrant workertrainings.
Chapter five makes an attempt to offer a series of policy proposals. Aiming at thecauses in chapter four and combining with the latest policies, this part raises themethods of external solution and internal promotion to accelerate the accumulation ofrural migrant workers' human capital and emphasizes the integration of the elevationof rural migrant workers' human capital and the external obstacles in the process ofcitizenization.
Keywords: Human Capital; Migrant Worker; Citizenization; Training
目錄
第一章 緒論
（一）選題背景及意義
（二）研究范圍以及相關概念的界定
（三）農民工市民化研究綜述
（四）研究思路及方法
（五）論文的可能創新與不足
第二章 人力資本理論及其在農民工市民化問題上的意義
（一）馬克思關于人力資本的思想
（二）西方經濟學關于人力資本的思想
（三）人力資本對農民工市民化問題的意義
第三章 農民工人力資本狀況對市民化的影響
（一）農民工人力資本現狀分析
（二）農民工人力資本困境對市民化的影響
第四章 農民工人力資本困境的原因分析
（一）二元勞動力市場分割
（二）產業結構不合理
（三）教育資源分配不均
（四）技能培訓的缺失
第五章 農民工市民化過程中的人力資本提升路徑
（一）外圍提升路徑
（二）內在提升路徑
參考文獻
后記
近些年來，我國城鎮化進程得到了極大發展，城鎮化率從 1978 年的 17.9%提高到 2015 年的 56.1%,我國的城鎮常住人口也從 1.7 億人增加到了 7.7 億人。但是，2015 年我國的戶籍人口城鎮化率卻只有 39.9%,不僅遠低于發達國家 80%的平均水平，也低于人均收入與我國相近的發展中國家 60%的平均水平，這極大地制約了我國城鎮化的健康發展。為此，中央城鎮化工作會議和《國家新型城鎮化規劃（2014-2020 年）》都提出，新型城鎮化要以人的城鎮化為核心，把有序推進農業轉移人口市民化作為下一步工作的重中之重，并提出到2020 年要實現常住人口城鎮化率達到 60%,戶籍人口城鎮化率達到 45%左右。
從目前狀況來看，60% 的目標比較容易實現，但是戶籍人口城鎮化率要達到45%,則需要付出巨大的努力。為此，《十三五規劃綱要》指出，“推進有能力在城鎮穩定就業和生活的農業轉移人口舉家進城落戶，并與城鎮居民享有同等權利和義務?！边@表明了黨和政府推進農民工市民化的堅強決心。
然而在實踐中，農民工有很強烈的市民化的愿望，卻沒有相應的市民化的能力，政府近些年圍繞著解決市民化的外在制度障礙做出了很大努力。下一步的重點要放在農民工市民化的能力建設方面，即提升農民工的人力資本。農民工人力資本的提升不僅有利于順利地實現市民化，也有利于我國在經濟新常態下收獲更高層次的人口紅利，更有利于創新型國家的戰略目標的實現，打造中國經濟升級版。為此，本文以農民工市民化為主題，以人力資本為主線展開研究。農民工市民化是要實現的目標，而人力資本的提升則是實現的手段。本文的主要內容和主要結論如下：
緒論部分是概述，主要介紹了選題的背景與意義、思路和方法，以及對現有的研究進行了梳理，可能的創新與不足。
第 2 章是本文的理論分析部分。在本章中，本文梳理了馬克思關于人力資本的思想和西方經濟學關于人力資本的思想，以及人力資本思想對于解決農民工市民化問題的意義。
第 3 章和第 4 章是本文的現實分析部分，也是本文的主體分析部分。在第3 章中，本文首先分析了當前農民工在人力資本存量和增量方面存在的問題，以及這種人力資本困境對于市民化的影響。第 4 章著重從宏觀和微觀兩個方面論述農民工人力資本困境的原因，宏觀方面可以歸結為二元勞動力市場、產業結構不合理、教育資源分配不均；微觀方面則是農民工培訓的缺失。
第 5 章是本文的政策建議部分，針對第 4 章中分析的原因，結合國家在農民工市民化方面的最新政策，提出了從外圍解決措施和內在提升措施兩方面加快提升農民工的人力資本，提出的解決措施注重將提升農民工的人力資本與解決市民化過程中重要的外在制約因素結合起來。
關鍵詞：人力資本，農民工，市民化，培訓
Abstract
Over the years,urbanization in China has experienced a rapid growth, which canbe seen from the urbanization rate increasing from 17.9% in 1978 to 56.1% in 2015and also the population of permanent residents in cities and towns increasing from170 million to 770 million. Nevertheless, the census register population urbanizationrate is only 35.9% in China by 2013, being not only much lower than the averagelevel of 80% in the developed countries but lower than the average level of 60% in thedeveloping countries, which is an obstacle to the sound development of urbanization.
Therefore, the Central Working Conference of Urbanization and the National NewUrbanization Planning （2014-2020） has stressed that the new-type urbanization oughtto be human-centered and the citizenization of rural-to-urban population should beprioritized in the next step. Meanwhile, by 2020, the urbanization rate of permanentresidents should reach 60% and household register population urbanization rate oughtto attain 45%. At present, the former is readily achievable while the latter still requireconsiderable efforts. Consequently, the 13th Five-Year Plan points out that topromote the rural-to-urban population whose urban employment and living are stableurbanizes with their families and guarantee their parallel rights and obligations withurban residents, which has indicated the government's determination to realize thecitizenization of migrant workers.
While, though being eager to be citizen, the migrant workers are lack of relatedcompetence. In these years, the government has made great efforts to wipe out theinstitutional obstacles to citizenization. And the next point is rural migrant workers'competence for urbanization, namely the promotion of migrant workers' humancapital, which is not only beneficial to citizenization, but to harvest a higher level ofdemographic dividend under the New Normal, more conducive to the implementationof an innovation-oriented country and an updated version of the Chinese economy.
Thus, revolving around the citizenization of migrant workers, this paper employs thehuman capital as the mainline, migrant workers' urbanization as the objective andpromotion of migrant workers' human capital as the approach. The critical contentsand conclusions are as follows:
Introduction, being an overview of this paper, primarily introduces background,significances, ideas and methods of the selected topic and generalizes the existingresearches, potential innovation and deficiency.
Chapter two is theoretical analysis. This chapter focuses on the human capitaltheories in Marxist economics and Western economics as well as its significance tothe urbanization of rural migrant workers.
Chapter three and chapter four are realistic analysis, being the critical part of thisarticle. Chapter three firstly analyzes the current difficulties in the stock andincremental human capital of rural migrant workers as well as its influence tourbanization. Chapter Four concentrates on the macroscopic and microscopic reasonsfor the human capital dilemma of rural migrant workers. On the macro level, it is onaccount of dual labor market, unreasonable industrial structure and unevendistribution of education resource. On the micro level, it is the lack of migrant workertrainings.
Chapter five makes an attempt to offer a series of policy proposals. Aiming at thecauses in chapter four and combining with the latest policies, this part raises themethods of external solution and internal promotion to accelerate the accumulation ofrural migrant workers' human capital and emphasizes the integration of the elevationof rural migrant workers' human capital and the external obstacles in the process ofcitizenization.
Keywords: Human Capital; Migrant Worker; Citizenization; Training
目錄
第一章 緒論
（一）選題背景及意義
（二）研究范圍以及相關概念的界定
（三）農民工市民化研究綜述
（四）研究思路及方法
（五）論文的可能創新與不足
第二章 人力資本理論及其在農民工市民化問題上的意義
（一）馬克思關于人力資本的思想
（二）西方經濟學關于人力資本的思想
（三）人力資本對農民工市民化問題的意義
第三章 農民工人力資本狀況對市民化的影響
（一）農民工人力資本現狀分析
（二）農民工人力資本困境對市民化的影響
第四章 農民工人力資本困境的原因分析
（一）二元勞動力市場分割
（二）產業結構不合理
（三）教育資源分配不均
（四）技能培訓的缺失
第五章 農民工市民化過程中的人力資本提升路徑
（一）外圍提升路徑
（二）內在提升路徑
參考文獻
后記
