摘 要
人口老齡化一直是經濟領域的熱點問題。2000 年，我國 60 歲及以上人口占總人口比重達到 10.2%,65 歲及以上人口占總人口比重達到 6.96%,我國正式步入老齡化社會。盡管我國進入老齡化社會時間較晚，但隨著我國經濟的發展及人口結構的變化，我國人口老齡化速度越來越快，中國已經成為了世界上老年人口最多的國家。中國是第一個進入人口老齡化的發展中國家，中國的人口老齡化問題也呈現出了與其他國家相異的獨特之處，表現為老年人口規模龐大、與經濟發展不同步、地區分布不均衡等。人口老齡化的加速發展也影響了勞動力供給，給儲蓄和消費、產業結構調整帶來了挑戰，加大了養老保障負擔，影響了我國經濟社會的發展。
人口老齡化問題的加速發展給我國經濟社會發展帶來了嚴重挑戰。積極應對人口老齡化已經成為最熱議題。國家也多次在各項會議上表達出了對人口老齡化問題的重視，指出要積極應對人口老齡化。老年人再就業正是應對人口老齡化問題的重要途徑之一。自古以來我國就有尊重老年人的傳統美德。老年人繼續參加勞動被視為“老驥伏櫪”、“老有所為”.隨著我國人口預期壽命的延長和健康狀況的提高，許多老年人退休后仍保持一定勞動能力，其長期積累起來的文化知識、技術、經驗并未消失。老年人再就業能夠使老年人的潛力充分發揮，促進對其他資源的開發和利用。老年人再就業還有利于減輕社會養老保障負擔，促進經濟社會的可持續發展。從個人角度看，再就業還能增加老年人經濟來源，促進老年人身心健康。因此促進老年人口再就業有著重要意義。
本文以人口普查數據和歷年中國統計年鑒、勞動統計年鑒的數據為主要依據，以老年人口為主要研究對象，運用比較研究法和定量分析法對人口老齡化及老年人再就業問題進行了論述：本文首先闡述了選題背景及選題意義，對國內外研究動態及相關理論進行了綜述，找出了當前研究的不足，確定了本文的研究方向；然后分析了我國人口老齡化的態勢及其對經濟發展的影響；接著通過人口老齡化與老年人再就業問題之間的關系指出了促進老年人再就業的必要性，并且通過我國老年人再就業的現狀分析了影響我國老年人再就業的主要原因；然后探討了法國、美國、日本等發達國家在應對人口老齡化問題及促進老年人再就業問題時采取的措施；最后提出為應對人口老齡化，促進老年人再就業，我國應該在借鑒國際經驗的基礎上，結合實際情況提高對老年人再就業的理性認識、大力發展老年教育、充分發揮政府的主導作用建立相應的法律規章制度及相應的協調機構、完善現有的退休制度、建立健全老年人就業市場。
關鍵詞：
人口老齡化，老年人，再就業
Abstract
Population policy has been a hot issue of concern. In 2000, China's populationaged 60 and above accounted for 10.2% of the total population, population aged 65and above accounted for 6.96% of the total population, it meant China officiallyentered the aging society. Although China entered the aging society late, but with thedevelopment of China's economy and the change of population structure, the agingof the population of our country is faster and faster, and China has become thecountry with the largest population in the world. China is the first developingcountry to enter the aging population, the problem of aging population in China hasalso presented a unique place compared with other countries, it is shown as the scaleof the elderly population is huge, not synchronized with economic development andthe regional distribution is not balanced. The accelerated development of populationaging also affects the labor supply, has brought challenges in save and consumption,and industrial restructuring, it also increases the burden of pension security, all ofthese have a great impact on the economic and social development of our country.
The accelerated development of the aging population has brought seriouschallenges to China's economic and social development. Actively respond to theaging population has become the hottest topic. The Chinese government hasrepeatedly expressed in the conference on aging population issue, and pointed outthe need to actively cope with population aging. The re-employment of the elderly isone of the important ways to deal with the aging of the population. Since the ancienttime, our country has already had the tradition virtue of respect for the elderly. Theelderly continue to participate in the work is regarded as 'an old steed in the stable'and 'productive aging'. With the improvement of life expectancy and health statusof the population in our country, many old people still have some ability to workafter retirement, and the accumulated cultural knowledge, technology andexperience have not disappeared. The re-employment of the elderly can give fullplay to the potential of the elderly, to promote the development and utilization ofother resources. The re-employment of the elderly can also help to reduce the burdenof social security and promote the sustainable development of the economy andsociety. From a personal point of view, it can also increase economic sources of theelderly, and promote physical and mental health of the elderly. Therefore, to promotethe re-employment of the elderly population has important significance.
This paper took the Census data, Chinese statistics yearbook and Yearbooks ofLabor Statistic as the main basis, took the elderly population as the main researchobject, and used the method of comparative study and quantitative analysis todiscuss the problem of the aging of population and the re-employment of the aged.
Firstly, this paper described the background and significance of this topic, reviewedthe domestic and international research trends and related theories, found out thedeficiency of the current research, and determined the research direction of thispaper; Secondly, analyzed the situation of China's aging population and its impacton economic development; Thirdly, it pointed out the necessity of promoting there-employment of the elderly through the relationship between the aging of thepopulation and the re-employment of the elderly, and analyzed the main reasonaffecting the elderly re-employment through our elderly re-employment situation;Fourthly, this paper discussed the measures taken by the developed countries such asFrance, the United States, Japan and other developed countries in dealing with theaging of the population and the promotion of the re-employment of the aged; Finally,it put forward to deal with the aging of the population, to promote there-employment of elderly people, China should be in reference on the basis ofinternational experience, improve a rational understanding of the reemployment ofthe elderly, vigorously develop the education of the elderly, give full play to thegovernment's leading role establish corresponding laws and regulations and thecorresponding coordination mechanism, improve the existing retirement system,establish and improve the employment market for the elderly combined with theactual situation.
Keywords:
Population aging,The aged,Re-retirement
目 錄
第 1 章 緒論
1.1 選題背景及選題意義
1.2 文獻綜述
1.2.1 國外文獻綜述
1.2.2 國內文獻綜述
1.3 研究思路
1.4 主要創新與不足
第 2 章 相關理論概述
2.1 基本概念界定
2.1.1 人口老齡化
2.1.2 退休與再就業
2.2 相關理論
2.2.1 人口轉變理論
2.2.2 人力資本理論
2.2.3 人力資源理論
2.2.4 就業理論
第 3 章 我國人口老齡化的態勢及其對經濟發展的影響
3.1 我國人口老齡化的態勢
3.1.1 人口老齡化形勢嚴峻
3.1.2 我國人口老齡化的特征
3.2 人口老齡化對我國經濟發展的影響
3.2.1 影響了勞動力供給
3.2.2 對消費和儲蓄的影響
3.2.3 對產業結構的影響
3.2.4 加大了養老保障負擔
第 4 章 我國老年人再就業的現狀
4.1 老年人再就業的經濟社會效應
4.1.1 社會角度
4.1.2 個人角度
4.2 我國老年人再就業現狀
4.2.1 老年勞動力勞動參與率較低
4.2.2 再就業老年人受教育程度較低
4.2.3 再就業老年人就業領域不平衡
4.2.4 再就業老年人工作勞動強度較大
4.3 影響我國老年人再就業的主要原因
4.3.1 社會觀念落后
4.3.2 制度保障不夠，缺乏協調機構
4.3.3 再就業渠道不暢
4.3.4 老年人自身條件
第 5 章 老年再就業的國際經驗借鑒
5.1 法國
5.1.1 法國人口老齡化現狀
5.1.2 法國推動老年人再就業的政策措施
5.2 美國
5.2.1 美國人口老齡化狀態
5.2.2 美國促進老年人再就業的方法
5.3 日本
5.3.1 日本的人口老齡化情況
5.3.2 日本在老年人再就業中的成功經驗
第 6 章 促進我國老年人再就業的對策建議
6.1 提高對老年人再就業的理性認識
6.2 大力發展老年教育事業
6.3 充分發揮政府的主導作用
6.4 完善現有退休制度
6.5 建立健全老年人就業市場
結 論
參考文獻
致 謝
人口老齡化一直是經濟領域的熱點問題。2000 年，我國 60 歲及以上人口占總人口比重達到 10.2%,65 歲及以上人口占總人口比重達到 6.96%,我國正式步入老齡化社會。盡管我國進入老齡化社會時間較晚，但隨著我國經濟的發展及人口結構的變化，我國人口老齡化速度越來越快，中國已經成為了世界上老年人口最多的國家。中國是第一個進入人口老齡化的發展中國家，中國的人口老齡化問題也呈現出了與其他國家相異的獨特之處，表現為老年人口規模龐大、與經濟發展不同步、地區分布不均衡等。人口老齡化的加速發展也影響了勞動力供給，給儲蓄和消費、產業結構調整帶來了挑戰，加大了養老保障負擔，影響了我國經濟社會的發展。
人口老齡化問題的加速發展給我國經濟社會發展帶來了嚴重挑戰。積極應對人口老齡化已經成為最熱議題。國家也多次在各項會議上表達出了對人口老齡化問題的重視，指出要積極應對人口老齡化。老年人再就業正是應對人口老齡化問題的重要途徑之一。自古以來我國就有尊重老年人的傳統美德。老年人繼續參加勞動被視為“老驥伏櫪”、“老有所為”.隨著我國人口預期壽命的延長和健康狀況的提高，許多老年人退休后仍保持一定勞動能力，其長期積累起來的文化知識、技術、經驗并未消失。老年人再就業能夠使老年人的潛力充分發揮，促進對其他資源的開發和利用。老年人再就業還有利于減輕社會養老保障負擔，促進經濟社會的可持續發展。從個人角度看，再就業還能增加老年人經濟來源，促進老年人身心健康。因此促進老年人口再就業有著重要意義。
本文以人口普查數據和歷年中國統計年鑒、勞動統計年鑒的數據為主要依據，以老年人口為主要研究對象，運用比較研究法和定量分析法對人口老齡化及老年人再就業問題進行了論述：本文首先闡述了選題背景及選題意義，對國內外研究動態及相關理論進行了綜述，找出了當前研究的不足，確定了本文的研究方向；然后分析了我國人口老齡化的態勢及其對經濟發展的影響；接著通過人口老齡化與老年人再就業問題之間的關系指出了促進老年人再就業的必要性，并且通過我國老年人再就業的現狀分析了影響我國老年人再就業的主要原因；然后探討了法國、美國、日本等發達國家在應對人口老齡化問題及促進老年人再就業問題時采取的措施；最后提出為應對人口老齡化，促進老年人再就業，我國應該在借鑒國際經驗的基礎上，結合實際情況提高對老年人再就業的理性認識、大力發展老年教育、充分發揮政府的主導作用建立相應的法律規章制度及相應的協調機構、完善現有的退休制度、建立健全老年人就業市場。
關鍵詞：
人口老齡化，老年人，再就業
Abstract
Population policy has been a hot issue of concern. In 2000, China's populationaged 60 and above accounted for 10.2% of the total population, population aged 65and above accounted for 6.96% of the total population, it meant China officiallyentered the aging society. Although China entered the aging society late, but with thedevelopment of China's economy and the change of population structure, the agingof the population of our country is faster and faster, and China has become thecountry with the largest population in the world. China is the first developingcountry to enter the aging population, the problem of aging population in China hasalso presented a unique place compared with other countries, it is shown as the scaleof the elderly population is huge, not synchronized with economic development andthe regional distribution is not balanced. The accelerated development of populationaging also affects the labor supply, has brought challenges in save and consumption,and industrial restructuring, it also increases the burden of pension security, all ofthese have a great impact on the economic and social development of our country.
The accelerated development of the aging population has brought seriouschallenges to China's economic and social development. Actively respond to theaging population has become the hottest topic. The Chinese government hasrepeatedly expressed in the conference on aging population issue, and pointed outthe need to actively cope with population aging. The re-employment of the elderly isone of the important ways to deal with the aging of the population. Since the ancienttime, our country has already had the tradition virtue of respect for the elderly. Theelderly continue to participate in the work is regarded as 'an old steed in the stable'and 'productive aging'. With the improvement of life expectancy and health statusof the population in our country, many old people still have some ability to workafter retirement, and the accumulated cultural knowledge, technology andexperience have not disappeared. The re-employment of the elderly can give fullplay to the potential of the elderly, to promote the development and utilization ofother resources. The re-employment of the elderly can also help to reduce the burdenof social security and promote the sustainable development of the economy andsociety. From a personal point of view, it can also increase economic sources of theelderly, and promote physical and mental health of the elderly. Therefore, to promotethe re-employment of the elderly population has important significance.
This paper took the Census data, Chinese statistics yearbook and Yearbooks ofLabor Statistic as the main basis, took the elderly population as the main researchobject, and used the method of comparative study and quantitative analysis todiscuss the problem of the aging of population and the re-employment of the aged.
Firstly, this paper described the background and significance of this topic, reviewedthe domestic and international research trends and related theories, found out thedeficiency of the current research, and determined the research direction of thispaper; Secondly, analyzed the situation of China's aging population and its impacton economic development; Thirdly, it pointed out the necessity of promoting there-employment of the elderly through the relationship between the aging of thepopulation and the re-employment of the elderly, and analyzed the main reasonaffecting the elderly re-employment through our elderly re-employment situation;Fourthly, this paper discussed the measures taken by the developed countries such asFrance, the United States, Japan and other developed countries in dealing with theaging of the population and the promotion of the re-employment of the aged; Finally,it put forward to deal with the aging of the population, to promote there-employment of elderly people, China should be in reference on the basis ofinternational experience, improve a rational understanding of the reemployment ofthe elderly, vigorously develop the education of the elderly, give full play to thegovernment's leading role establish corresponding laws and regulations and thecorresponding coordination mechanism, improve the existing retirement system,establish and improve the employment market for the elderly combined with theactual situation.
Keywords:
Population aging,The aged,Re-retirement
目 錄
第 1 章 緒論
1.1 選題背景及選題意義
1.2 文獻綜述
1.2.1 國外文獻綜述
1.2.2 國內文獻綜述
1.3 研究思路
1.4 主要創新與不足
第 2 章 相關理論概述
2.1 基本概念界定
2.1.1 人口老齡化
2.1.2 退休與再就業
2.2 相關理論
2.2.1 人口轉變理論
2.2.2 人力資本理論
2.2.3 人力資源理論
2.2.4 就業理論
第 3 章 我國人口老齡化的態勢及其對經濟發展的影響
3.1 我國人口老齡化的態勢
3.1.1 人口老齡化形勢嚴峻
3.1.2 我國人口老齡化的特征
3.2 人口老齡化對我國經濟發展的影響
3.2.1 影響了勞動力供給
3.2.2 對消費和儲蓄的影響
3.2.3 對產業結構的影響
3.2.4 加大了養老保障負擔
第 4 章 我國老年人再就業的現狀
4.1 老年人再就業的經濟社會效應
4.1.1 社會角度
4.1.2 個人角度
4.2 我國老年人再就業現狀
4.2.1 老年勞動力勞動參與率較低
4.2.2 再就業老年人受教育程度較低
4.2.3 再就業老年人就業領域不平衡
4.2.4 再就業老年人工作勞動強度較大
4.3 影響我國老年人再就業的主要原因
4.3.1 社會觀念落后
4.3.2 制度保障不夠，缺乏協調機構
4.3.3 再就業渠道不暢
4.3.4 老年人自身條件
第 5 章 老年再就業的國際經驗借鑒
5.1 法國
5.1.1 法國人口老齡化現狀
5.1.2 法國推動老年人再就業的政策措施
5.2 美國
5.2.1 美國人口老齡化狀態
5.2.2 美國促進老年人再就業的方法
5.3 日本
5.3.1 日本的人口老齡化情況
5.3.2 日本在老年人再就業中的成功經驗
第 6 章 促進我國老年人再就業的對策建議
6.1 提高對老年人再就業的理性認識
6.2 大力發展老年教育事業
6.3 充分發揮政府的主導作用
6.4 完善現有退休制度
6.5 建立健全老年人就業市場
結 論
參考文獻
致 謝
