目錄

中文摘要

Abstract

1 前言

1.1 選題背景

1.2 研究目的及意義

1.2.1 選題的目的

1.2.2 選題的意義

1.3 文獻綜述

1.3.1 開展小學生體育重要性的研究

1.3.2 開展小學生體育必要性的研究

1.3.3 小學生體育活動研究

1.3.4 影響小學生體育發展因素

1.3.5 相關概念的界定

2 研究對象和研究方法

2.1 研究對象

2.2 研究方法

2.2.1 文獻資料法

2.2.2 調查法

2.2.3 觀察法

2.2.4 數理統計法

2.2.5 邏輯分析法

3 結果與分析

3.1 小學生的體育認知、興趣和動機研究

3.1.1 小學生的體育認知

3.1.2 小學生的體育興趣

3.1.3 小學生的體育動機

3.2 小學生體育態度與體育行為

3.2.1 小學生體育態度對體育行為的影響

3.2.2 小學生不同性別體育態度和體育行為的差異

3.3 小學生體育行為特征

3.3.1 小學生在校體育行為特征

3.3.2 小學生校外體育行為特征

3.3.3 小學生體育鍛煉后的感受

3.4 小學生家庭體育消費行為研究

3.5 影響小學生體育行為原因的分析

3.5.1 小學生體育榜樣的力量

3.5.2 小學生體育需求

3.5.3 學校體育的開展

3.5.4 家庭體育的開展

3.5.5 社區體育的開展

3.6 促進小學生體育行為形成和穩固的措施

3.6.1 加強對小學生體育教育的宣傳

3.6.2 創新小學生體育活動的內容和形式

4 結論與建議

4.1 結論

4.2 建議

5 參考文獻

6 致謝

中文摘要

隨著經濟的快速發展，于此同時中國環境的變化，健康問題正在逐步威脅著人們的生命健康。小學生作為祖國的未來，強壯的體魄，健康的身體是保證我國未來更加持續高效發展的根基和保障。體育參與為小學生的成長打下良好的基礎，也是增強體質，預防各種疾病有效手段之一，對于小學生思想品德和審美品質的形成，對智力開發的作用是不可替代的，增強小學生體質是刻不容緩的。小學的階段是小學生心理和生理的萌芽階段，同樣是身體素質發展的關鍵時期，身心的健康對于小學生的成長至關重要，小學階段是一個人接受正規體育教育的階段，學校開始為小學生帶來系統的體育知識和技能，加深體育意識，學習體育技能，規范體育行為，為將來銜接社會體育的做好準備，也是形成終身體育的關鍵時期。

本研究從體育學，社會學，行為心理學角度出發，采用文獻資料法、問卷調查法、訪談法、數理統計法等方法，對天津市河北區兩所學校的小學生、家長進行了調查研究，分析總結了影響小學生體育行為的因素，并在此基礎上提出了相應的對策與建議。得出如下結論：

1.小學生體育行為是指小學生參加體育行為是在小學生主觀意識的支配下完成的。小學生通過對體育認識的了解，會產生體育活動的興趣，激發小學生的體育動機，在主觀意識的支配下能夠積極主動的投身到體育活動中。

2.明確小學生的體育態度，使小學生的體育認識得到正確引導，開拓小學生的體育意識，是體育行為產生的基礎和前提。對于體育態度來說小學男生和女生基本相同，他們對體育活動有同樣的熱情和積極性，但是對于小學生體育行為男生和女生的表現會略有不同，男生更加喜歡刺激和對抗性的體育活動，而女生則更加喜歡選擇對抗性和體育強度較小的合作或者獨自的體育項目。

3.小學生在校體育特征多以體育課和大課間活動為主要形式，除了固定的廣播體操，校內體育活動形式多以跑步、跳高、跳遠、跳繩和球類運動為主要形式。而小學生校外體育活動就顯得更加豐富多彩，散步跑步、羽毛球、游泳等深受小學生的青睞，而體育活動的校外形式受到的局限性很小，對小學生體育活動的需求得到更好的滿足。

4.學校和家庭體育的開展是對小學生體育行為影響最大的兩個方面。小學喜歡參與的體育運動項目在學校體育中基本可以得到參與，學校體育設施和使用情況也基本可以滿足小學生的運動需求。對于小學生體育活動家長是大力支持并且認識到體育活動對孩子成長的重要性，家庭體育得到快速發展。社區體育的豐富和完善。三者為小學生養成良好的體育行為習慣提供基礎。

5.榜樣的力量為小學生體育參與帶來極大的外部推動力，優秀運動員的艱苦拼搏、遵守規則的精神更是值得小學生借鑒和學習。大多數家庭每年體育消費在 800 元以上，但是體育消費形式過于單一，主要是實物性體育消費，而體育方面的非實物消費比較少。

6.小學生體育行為的形成和穩固需要多方面的影響，加強對小學生體育教育的宣傳，積極倡導和大力引導小學生的體育認知。創新小學生體育活動內容和形式，鼓勵小學生了解和熱愛中華傳統體育項目，激發小學生體育熱情，鞏固小學生體育觀念，促進體育行為，能夠把終身體育的意識強化到小學生的思想中。

關鍵詞：小學生 體育行為 學校體育 課外體育

Abstract

With the rapid economic development and environmental changes in China,health problems are gradually becoming threat to people's lives and health. Schoolchildren, as the future of our motherland, a strong and healthy body is the guaranteeof our nation's sustainable and efficient development. School children's participatingin sports activities can not only lay a good foundation for their growth, but also amanner to strengthen their body and prevent disease. It is irreplaceable to the formingof their morals and intelligence, so it is urgent to enhance pupil' physique. Primaryschool period is children's psychological and physiological embryonic stage, as wellas a critical period of physical fitness development, physical and mental health isessential for pupil's growth. Primary school is a stage of the beginning of acceptingformal physical education for the pupils; schools begin to teach systematic sportsknowledge and skills. Enhancing sports consciousness, learning sports skills,standardizing physical behavior and make preparation for the studying of social sports,it is also a key stage of forming lifetime sports.

This paper studied from the physical education, sociology and behavioralpsychology perspective. It adopts literature, questionnaires, interviews, and othermethods of mathematical statistics. The research objects were the pupils, parents andteachers of 2 schools of Tianjin and Hebei District. It analyzed and summarized thefactors that influencing pupils' sports behavior and put forward the correspondingcountermeasures and suggestions. Following are conclusions:

First, pupil Physical Behavior refers to students' participating in physicalbehavior is completed under the domination of their subjective sense. Pupils havealready had their own ideas, they can define their preferences. Through theunderstanding of sports knowledge, they will generate interest in sports activities andthis will inspire their sports motivation and make them plunge into sports activitiesactively under the domination of their subjective sense.

Second, making clearing of pupils' attitude to sports, making them get properguidance, developing their sports consciousness are the basis and prerequisite of sportbehavior. For sports attitude, no difference among primary school boys and girls, theyhave same passion for physical activity, but the sports behavior between boys andgirls in primary school sports performance are slightly different, boys like excitingand confrontational sports better, while girls prefer the single or cooperative sportswith less confrontational and physical strength.

Third, elementary school physical education features mostly sports class andlong time between class activities. In addition to a fixed broadcast gymnastics, schoolsports activities are mainly in the form of running, high jump, long jump, ropeskipping and ball games. While the out of school physical activities are more colorful,walking, jogging, badminton, swimming, etc. are popular among pupils. For the formof the out of school physical activities are almost have no limits, the demand forprimary school sports activities are better met.

Fourth, Family sports, not only can make families get exercised and theirphysical fitness improved, but also make family members spending more time incommunicating with each other, exchanging, thus to promote family harmony andsocial stability and development through discussing common interest and topic.

Family Sport is a small part of community sports, popularizing and publicizing familysports, enhancing the parents' sport concept, infecting and affecting children's sportsconcept and put it into practice. .

Fifth, not only the power of example brings great external impetus for students'participating in sports but also the excellent athletes' spirit of fighting and struggling,rule following is more worth to learn. Most families spend more than 800 yuan insports annually, but sports consumption patterns is over monotonous, mostly arematerial consumption, while the non-material consumption are less.

Sixth, many measure may helpful to the forming and firming of pupil's sportbehavior. Strengthening the publicity of the pupil's physical education, advocatingand guiding pupils' sports cognition, making innovation in the content and form ofPrimary Sports, encouraging pupils to understand and love traditional Chinese sports,inspiring pupil's enthusiasm for sports, firming pupil's sports concept, promotingphysical behavior, and strengthening their lifelong sports awareness.

Keywords:pupil Sports behavior School sports Extracurricular sports