《菜根譚》的儒釋道三教人生觀思想-藏刊網

本篇論文目錄導航：

【題目】《菜根譚》的儒釋道三教人生觀思想
【緒論】《菜根譚》中的中國傳統人生哲學緒論
【第一章】《菜根譚》的作者及背景
【2.1 2.2】《菜根譚》中的理想觀與苦樂觀
【2.3】榮辱觀在《菜根譚》中的體現
【2.4 2.5】出處觀與生死觀
【第三章】《菜根譚》的影響、價值及局限
【結語/參考文獻】《菜根譚》的思想內涵與價值研究結語與參考文獻

摘要

《菜根譚》作為一本融合了儒釋道三教思想的清言小品文集，蘊藏著豐富的人生哲學思想。通過研究儒釋道三教思想在《菜根譚》中的體現與融合，深入發掘中國傳統人生哲學中的寶藏，有利于我們全面理解人與自然、社會以及人與自我的關系，有利于我們思考人生的價值與意義，有利于我們樹立崇高理想、追求高尚人格。

第一章考察和梳理了《菜根譚》的作者及其寫作背景，從晚明復雜的政治環境以及陽明心學思想和東林學派的遭遇等方面，探究了晚明社會政治背景與學術文化背景對《菜根譚》人生哲學思想的影響。

第二章從理想觀、苦樂觀、榮辱觀、出處觀、生死觀五個方面展開論述了《菜根譚》豐富的人生哲學思想。理想觀方面，考察了《菜根譚》對“內圣外王”所采取的態度，從內圣層面和外王層面分析了《菜根譚》對人生理想的看法與指導；苦樂觀方面，分析了苦與樂的辯證統一關系以及苦樂觀的定義和作用，論述了《菜根譚》對享樂主義苦樂觀、禁欲主義苦樂觀的批判和對道義主義苦樂觀的肯定與發揚，探討了《菜根譚》對苦境與樂境的處理以及化苦為樂的智慧。榮辱觀方面，分析了《菜根譚》對功名富貴和名譽節義的態度，展開論述了《菜根譚》對“義榮”的追求和對“義辱”的批判，揭示了《菜根譚》對榮辱認識的轉化，達到一種寵辱不驚的曠達境界。出處觀方面，陳述了中國古代思想家對“出處”的看法與選擇，以及“出處”的深刻涵義，其次從居官和居家兩個方面，論述了《菜根譚》的“出”與“處”,最后，結合晚明社會對“出處”選擇的新動向，論述了《菜根譚》出處合一的態度。生死觀方面，論述了《菜根譚》對享樂主義生死觀的否定與批判、對自然主義生死觀的繼承與轉化、對道義主義生死觀的肯定與發揚。

第三章探討了《菜根譚》一書的流傳特點和它產生的歷史影響，此部分內容考察了《菜根譚》在中國和日本兩地的流傳差異，對比了它在中國和日本兩地受重視的程度以及社會影響的反差，其次從培養成熟人格為切入點，論述了《菜根譚》人生哲學思想對我們的啟示意義，最后分析了《菜根譚》可能存在的問題與局限。

關鍵詞：《菜根譚》；人生哲學；歷史影響；現代價值

Abstract

As the collected works of essays with the integration of ideas from ConfucianismBuddhism Taoism, Cai Gen Tan contains rich thoughts on life philosophy. The study onthe three religious thoughts' reflection and integration in Cai Gen Tan and the in-depthexploration of the essence in traditional Chinese life philosophy will help us to have aright understanding on the relations between man and nature, man and society, as wellas man and self and to reflect on the essence, value and meaning of life. It is also ofgreat guiding significance for us to set up grand ideals, and to pursue for noblepersonality, so this thesis takes the life philosophy in Cai Gen Tan as the research focus.

The First Chapter is an exploration and summary of Cai Gen Tan's author and hiswriting background. The Chapter also explores the influence of Cai Gen Tan's socialpolitical background as well as the academic and cultural background to its ideas on lifephilosophy from aspects of the complex political background in the late Ming Dynasty,Yangming's philosophy of the mind and the experience of Donglin School.

The Second Chapter discusses the rich ideas of life philosophy in Cai Gen Tanfrom five aspects of viewpoint on life ideal, viewpoint on hardship and happiness,viewpoint on honor and dishonor, viewpoint on advance and retreat and viewpoint onlife and death. In aspect of viewpoint on life ideal, the thesis firstly explores Cai GenTan's attitude towards “Saint and Emperor”, and then analyzes Cai Gen Tan's views andguidance to life ideal from levels of Saint and Emperor. In aspect of viewpoint onhardship and happiness, the thesis first analyzes the dialectical unification relations ofhardship and happiness, and the definitions and functions of viewpoint on hardship andhappiness, then discusses Cai Gen Tan's criticism to the viewpoint on hardship andhappiness in hedonism, asceticism, and its approval and promotion to the viewpoint onhardship and happiness in moral arbitrarianists. Finally it discusses its disposition to theplight and paradise, and the wisdom of transforming pain to pleasure. In aspect ofviewpoint on honor and dishonor, the thesis first analyzes Cai Gen Tan's attitude to rank,success, fame and riches, as well as reputation, moral integrity and righteousness. Thenit discusses Cai Gen Tan's pursuit to righteous honor and the criticism to righteousdisgrace. At last through the transformation of cognition to honour or disgrace, abroad-minded state remaining indifferent whether granted favours or subjected tohumiliation is realized. In aspect of viewpoint on advance and retreat, the thesisexplains the profound meaning of advance and retreat through views and choices fromancient Chinese thinkers. Then it discusses Cai Gen Tan's advance and retreat from twoaspects of securing a position and living at home. At last, the thesis discusses Cai GenTan's attitude of the integration of advance and retreat combined with later MingDynasty society's new tendency to the choices of advance and retreat. In aspect ofviewpoint on life and death, the thesis first discusses Cai Gen Tan's denial and criticismto viewpoint on life and death in hedonism. Then it discusses its inheritance andtransformation of viewpoint on life and death in naturalism. At last it discusses Cai GenTan's favor and promotion to viewpoint on life and death from moral arbitrarianists.

The Third Chapter discusses Cai Gen Tan's characteristics of circulating and thehistorical influences it produces. Through exploration on the circulating differences ofCai Gen Tan in China and Japan, it finds out that there is a great contrast of the degreeof attention and social influences in China and Japan. It then reflects on the modernvalue and significance of the life philosophy in Cai Gen Tan. At last, the thesis tries toexplore the possible problems and limitations in Cai Gen Tan.

Key words: Cai Gen Tan; life philosophy; historical influence; modern value

緒論

第一章《菜根譚》的作者及背景

第一節《菜根譚》的作者

第二節《菜根譚》的寫作背景

第二章《菜根譚》人生哲學的主要內容

第一節理想觀

第二節苦樂觀

第三節榮辱觀

第四節出處觀

第五節生死觀

第三章《菜根譚》的影響、價值及局限