交通警察行政執法，是公民日常生活中最常見的行政執法現象。對于交通警察而言，其在行政方面具備自由裁量權，這是行政管理的重要范疇，與公民的日常生活及行動自由之間的關聯變得越來越強。如所周知，行政執法過程中的自由裁量權又是最容易被執法者濫用的權力。同時，我國道路交通安全法律法規在自由裁量的問題上，可以說賦予了公安交通管理部門最大限度的自由裁量余地，如果不強化管理和控制，就可能使得自由裁量權陷入被濫用的狀態。

現階段我國社會發展進入新常態階段，城市化進程加快趨勢明顯，人們出行的需求量不斷增加，此時交通管制執法的任務量與日俱增。但是在具體的執法過程中，基于道路交通安全管理法律法規的不完善、受經濟因素影響、執法監督體系不健全、交通警察個人執法水平不高、交警執法問責機制難以發揮效能等原因，使得我國交警行政自由裁量權存在被濫用的問題，濫用職權、以罰代管、顯失公正、考慮不相關因素、拖延超越法定時限和處罰無事實根據的現象隨處可見。如果這樣的現象長期處于沒有管控的狀態，就會使得案件中行為主體的合法權益被侵害，繼而使得腐敗問題不斷升級，使得行政公信力不斷喪失。

為了規避這樣的情況的發生，就需要實現交警行政執法自由裁量權的監督和管理。首先，充分發揮立法法賦予設區市立法權對行政自由裁量權的細化量化作用，對違法行為處罰標準進行量化，細化行政執法程序和方法，從源頭上杜絕超越和濫用自由裁量權的現象。其次，嚴格落實行政經費保障制度是解決問題的關鍵所在，必須規范收支脫鉤程序，推行備用金制度，使得公安機關交通管理工作具備夯實的資金資源。再者，建立完善的公安機關交通管理部門自律機制，驅動交通管理部門的各項工作朝著自我管理，自我約束，自我督查的方向發展，建立科學合理的執法考核評價標準體系以及重大行政自由裁量案件集體審議制度，使得交警執法過程進入全面監督的狀態，并且據此建立完善的智能系統，使得公安機關內部督查可以對于實際執法過程實現監督。同時，充分發揮人民法院司法規制作用，以司法審查的維度，實現交警行政自由裁量案件各個節點的有效監督，無論是法律依憑，還是立法目標，亦或是操作內容，再者是執法程序，都應該被納入其中。最后針對于這樣的問題，提出了建設性的意見和建議：樹立正確的交通執法價值觀、強化業務培訓考核、加強職業道德修養、推進便民利民措施，進一步提高交通警察綜合執法素質。站在制度和機制角度，實現權力使用行為的管理和控制，將交警行政自由裁量權納入到法律體系中去，這樣可以使得道路交通朝著安全性的方向發展，由此營造的交通法治環境會更加有序，更加安全，更加順暢。

關鍵詞：交通警察；行政自由裁量權；交通管理。

The administrative law enforcement of traffic police is the most commonadministrative law enforcement phenomenon in the daily life of citizens. For trafficpolicemen, they have discretion in administration, which is an important category ofadministrative management, and is more and more strongly related to citizens' daily lifeand freedom of action. As it is known, the right of discretion in the process ofadministrative law enforcement is the most likely to be abused by the law enforcement.

At the same time, China's road traffic safety laws and regulations on the issue ofdiscretion, it can be said to give the public traffic management department themaximum discretion. If we do not strengthen management and control, it may make theright of discretion into a state of abuse.

At this stage, China's social development has entered a new normal stage. Theacceleration of urbanization process is obvious, and the demand for people's travel isincreasing. The traffic control law enforcement task is increasing. But in the specificlaw enforcement process, the management of road traffic safety laws and regulations arenot perfect, influenced by economic factors, law enforcement and supervision system isnot perfect, the traffic police's law enforcement level is not high, the traffic policeenforcement accountability mechanism to play effectiveness because of abuse problemsmakes our police administrative discretion in order to punish escrow, breach of privilege,injustice, consider the delay related factors, beyond the statutory time limit andpunishment unfounded phenomenon everywhere. If such a phenomenon is not incontrol for a long time, the legitimate rights and interests of the actors in the case willbe infringed, and then the corruption will escalate, which will lead to the loss of thecredibility of the administration.

In order to avoid such a situation, it is necessary to realize the supervision andmanagement of the discretion of the administrative law enforcement of the police. Firstof all, we should give full play to the role of legislation in giving the district legislativepower to the administrative discretion. We should quantify the punishment standard ofillegal activities, refine the procedures and methods of administrative law enforcement,and eliminate the phenomenon of surmounting and abuse of discretion. Secondly,strictly implementing the guarantee system of administrative funds is the key to solvethe problem. We must standardize the decoupling procedures of receipts and paymentsand implement the reserve fund system, so that the traffic management of publicsecurity organs can have solid fund resources. Furthermore, the establishment of publicsecurity traffic management departments to improve the self-discipline mechanism, thedrive of the traffic management department towards self management, self restriction,self supervision and direction, establish the system of law enforcement and evaluationstandards of scientific and reasonable administrative discretion and major cases ofcollective deliberation system, the traffic police enforcement process into the overallsupervision of the state. And based on the intelligent system perfect, the public securityorgans for internal supervision can the process of law enforcement supervision. At thesame time, give full play to the people's Court judicial regulation, judicial review bydimension, to achieve effective supervision of police administrative discretion cases ofeach node, depending on whether it is legal, or legislative goals, or the operation content,moreover is the law enforcement procedures, should be included in the. Finally, we putforward constructive suggestions and suggestions for this kind of problem: setting upthe correct values of traffic enforcement, strengthening business training and assessment,strengthening professional ethics, promoting convenience and benefiting people, andfurther improving the comprehensive quality of law enforcement for traffic policemen.

From the perspective of system and mechanism, management and control of powerusage behavior, the traffic police administrative discretion into the legal system, so thatthe road traffic safety towards the direction of development, thus creating the traffic lawenvironment will be more orderly, more secure, more smooth.

Key words:Traffic police; Administrative discretion; Traffic control.

交通警察行政執法，是公民日常生活中最為常見的行政執法現象。作為行政執法自由裁量權重要組成部分的交通警察行政自由裁量權，是在2003年《中華人民共和國道路交通安全法》頒布之后，就具備的。在這14年的發展歷程中，交通行政管理的重要問題開始呈現出來，那就是：交通警察行政執法自由裁量權的管理失控。交通警察在行使法律法規賦予的行政執法自由裁量權時，經常在法律規定的處罰幅度范圍內肆意妄為，存在以人情因素為轉移，濫用或者放棄自由裁量權的行使現象。更有甚者，執法人員在具體執法過程幾乎不考慮違法人員的各種情況的背景下，就實現對應情節和違法后果的界定，并且在處罰程序上都是以最高處罰為基準來進行，由此導致人執法對象在接受制裁的同時不滿情緒日益嚴重，并引發了大量的行政復議乃至行政訴訟案件。這一做法使得公安交通管理部門的行政執法效率大為降低，影響了行政執法的公正性和統一性。因此，有必要就交通執法過程中的自由裁量問題展開深入的分析和探討，并且在此方面建立更加有效的預防機制，以保證這種問題不會更加惡化。