摘 要

近年來，在共產黨的領導下，我國在民主與政治的發展道路上都取得了實質性的進步，依憲執政的提出，是我國政治文明建設與法治建設不斷發展的必然道路?！吨泄仓醒腙P于全面推進依法治國若干重大問題的決定》中明確指出，我國的依法治國，首先要依憲治國；我國的依法執政，首先是依憲執政。這表明，依照憲法治理國家和開展政府工作，非常重要。依憲執政需要一定的基礎與條件，對憲法的高度重視對于我國的法治建設來說意義重大，憲法是國家的根本大法，是治國安邦的總章程，是統治階級維護和鞏固其專政的重要工具，在國家法律體系中占首要地位，具有最高的法律效力和法律威。

然而，依憲執政作為執政黨在探索追求具有中國特色社會主義法治道路上的一項全新實踐，面臨著一些問題與挑戰。本文將著重對這些問題和挑戰進行分析與歸納，并得出相應的對策。只有針對這些問題的對策能夠完全的得到落實，那么依憲執政才能夠真正的對我國法治中國的建設起到積極作用，有利于國家的長治久安，有利于我國經濟健康發展，社會的全面發展。

本論文正文部分共由四部分構成：

第一部分在理論上對依憲執政這一執政理念進行了詳細的分析。對依憲執政的主體進行界定并分別從政治上以及從法律上闡述了界定依憲執政主體的意義，此外，從執政的概念和依憲執政的含義這兩個方面入手，分析了依憲執政的內涵，并且論證了依憲執政是依法執政的前提和建設法治國家的需要。

第二部分深度剖析了依憲執政的基礎與條件。最高權威的基本內涵、法律結構以及政治價值都是憲法，這是依憲執政的基礎。通過總結美國、意大利、日本以及我國的憲法可以說明憲法是一個國家的最高法，并從憲法本身的內容和特性，所處時代背景和立法初衷等方面來把握憲法權威。接著從法律體系、民主制度的建立，權力的配置，人權保障體系方面闡述依憲執政需要的條件。

第三部分對我國依憲執政面臨的問題與挑戰進行了總結歸納。從執政主體到普通民眾，從憲法意識到制度體系詳盡分析了依憲執政所面臨的問題。由于我國的歷史包袱沉重，以及新中國成立以后的政治動亂，這些都使得民主和法制被破壞殆盡，良好的傳統沒有形成。政府的行政權力無限制擴張，公民自身權利被極大壓縮，而公民也缺乏權利意識和憲政意識。監督和審查體制的缺失，使得國家權力被極大濫用。這些諸多問題的存在，曾給我國社會帶來長期的干擾和困境。此外，還有來自本國人治傳統以及西方憲政模式帶來的挑戰。只有盡可能的認識到所面臨的問題與挑戰，才能更好的得出對策，問題才能夠迎刃而解。

第四部分提出了要想實現依憲執政可以采納的建議和對策。以黨的十八大為新的機遇，為推進社會主義各項事業的進一步發展，依憲執政應當成為黨和政府依法治國，建設法治社會的基本前提。首先要完善實施憲法并進行監督的制度。其次，執政黨要嚴格在憲法和法律的框架下活動，依憲加強黨的領導地位，規定黨的領導和執政方式以及規范黨政關系。再次，從經濟基礎和憲政格局兩方面提高依憲執政能力。最后，要強化對憲法的宣傳，進行普法教育。

關鍵詞：依憲執政 憲法 存在問題 對策

Abstract

In recent years, under the leadership of the CPC, China has made substantial progress indeveloping democracy and politics, the propose of ruling by constitution is the logical road ofChinese continuous development of political civilization and rule of law. “The ChineseCommunist Party Central Committee's decision on a number of important issues in relation tocomprehensively implementing governing the country by law” has specified that “To realizethe rule of law, the country should be ruled in line with the Constitution.” The importance ofrule by the Constitution has been fully elucidated. Rule by the Constitution needs somecertain foundation and conditions, and the high attention paid to the Constitution is of greatsignificance to Chinese construction of rule of law. The Constitution, as the fundamental lawof the state, is the general statute of administering state affairs and ensuring national security,and it is an important implement for the ruling class to safeguard and strengthen itsdictatorship. The Constitution holds the leading post in state's legal system and has supremelegal validity and authority.

However, rule by the Constitution, as a new practice of the ruling Party exploringsocialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics, is facing some problems and challenges.

This thesis is going to analyze and classify these problems and challenges, and then come upwith solutions to them. Only if these solutions can be fully implemented will rule by theConstitution benefits the construction of rule of law in China, the lasting security and theeconomic developments as well as the all-round development of the society.

The body of this thesis is divided into four parts:

The first part analyses rule by the Constitution on theory at length. It defines the subjectof rule by the Constitution and elaborates the definition politically and legally, thendemonstrates that rule by the Constitution is the precondition to rule by law, and it's also theneed of building a country ruled by law.

The second part analyses the foundation and conditions of rule by the Constitution.

Constitution is the supreme authority's fundamental connotation, legal structure and politicalvalue, which is the foundation of rule by the Constitution. It is proved that Constitution is thesupreme law in a country by summarizing the constitutions of America, Italy, Japan andChina. The authority of the Constitution should be grasped by its contents and characters, aswell as historical background and original intention of the constitution. Then it elaborates theconditions in terms of legal system, establishment of democratic system, power allocation andhuman rights protection system.

The third part summarizes the problems and challenges of rule by the Constitution, andanalyses the problems from ruling subject to common people, from awareness of theConstitution to the system. A good tradition was not developed because of serious historicalissues, and the political turmoil after the new China was founded, which all led to the destroyof democracy and legal institutions. The executive power expanded unlimitedly, citizen'srights were reduced and they were lack of consciousness of right and constitutionalism. Thelack of supervision and censorship system led to the abuse of force of state. All the problemshave brought long-term distractions and dilemma. Besides, there are also challenges from theconcept of rule by man and western constitutional government pattern. Only if we realize theproblems and challenges as possible as we can will we come up with solutions.

The fourth part proposes suggestions and solutions can be adopted to realize rule by theConstitution. With the 18thCPC National Congress being the new opportunity in order toimpel the development of socialist cause, rule by the Constitution should be the premise ofrule by law. Firstly, the Constitution should be fully implemented and supervised. Secondly,the ruling Party should be strictly under the framework of the Constitution, strengthen theleading post, regulates the leading and ruling ways, and normalizes the relation between theParty and the government in line with the Constitution. Thirdly, the ability of rule by theConstitution should be improved in economic foundation and constitutional structure. Last,we should strengthen the publicity of the Constitution and popularizing law education.

Key Words: rule by the Constitution the Constitution problems solutions


目 錄

中文摘要

英文摘要

引言

（一） 研究意義與目的

（二） 國內外研究現狀

（三） 基本思路和研究方法

（四） 難點和創新點

一、 依憲執政的主體、內涵與法律意義

（一） 依憲執政的主體

1. 依憲執政主體的界定及意義

2. 執政權力的來源

（二） 依憲執政的內涵

1. 執政的概念

2. 依憲執政的含義

（三） 依憲執政的法律意義

1. 依憲執政是依法執政的前提

2. 依憲執政是建設法治國家的客觀要求

二、 依憲執政的基礎與條件

（一） 依憲執政的基礎

1. 憲法是最高權威的基本內涵

2. 憲法是最高權威的法律結構

3. 憲法是最高權威的政治價值

（二） 依憲執政的條件

1. 建立了較為完善的法律體系

2. 建立起行之有效的民主制度

3. 健全的人權保障體系

4. 權力配置的法治化

三、 依憲執政面臨的問題與挑戰

（一） 依憲執政面臨的問題

1. 執政主體的憲法意識有待提高

2. 依憲執政的制度體系不夠完善

3. 普通民眾的憲治認同感比較薄弱

4. 以憲法為核心的法律體系有待完善

（二） 依憲執政面臨的挑戰

1. 我國人治傳統的挑戰

2. 西方憲政模式的挑戰

四、 實現依憲執政的建議與對策

（一） 完善憲法實施和監督制度

1. 完善憲法實施制度體系

2. 完善憲法監督制度

（二） 依憲規范執政權力

1. 用憲法加強黨的領導地位

2. 依憲規定黨的領導方式和執政方式

3. 依憲規范黨政關系

（三） 提高依憲執政能力

1. 發展和強化依憲執政的經濟基礎

2. 構建立體化和均衡化的權力監督體系

（四） 強化憲法宣傳和普法教育

1. 把法制實踐和法制教育結合起來

2. 提高全民的憲法和法律意識

結論

參考文獻

后記