本篇論文目錄導航：

摘 要

清朝末年，列強入侵，加劇了社會動蕩。清政府在內憂外患的情況之下被迫實行刑法改革，修訂、推行新刑律，試圖消解《大清律例》的重刑弊端，實現社會安定，但是沒有達到預期的效果。

小說《檀香刑》是莫言的代表作之一，以清末德國人強修膠濟鐵路，袁世凱鎮壓義和團抗德運動，八國聯軍攻陷北京這一系列風云變幻的歷史事件為背景線索，通過一樁樁駭人聽聞的案例歷史地再現了清末的重刑。莫言的小說《檀香刑》將民間故事與歷史融合在一起，重新進行構建和文學書寫，表現了當代作家對清末重刑制度的思考，體現出文學對歷史的審視和當代“關照”。

通過對小說的深入分析可以看出，“重刑”所代表的“權力至上”以及重刑之“戲”所映射的傳統文化心理作為維系整個封建社會的紐帶貫穿始終。一方面，清朝統治者對皇權的維護致使變法改革只能流于形式，統治者仍需要依靠重刑來宣誓自己的統治權威，震懾民眾，維護皇權制度；另一方面，處于社會底層的百姓將“戲”作為他們貧乏生活的調劑和“自殤”，對重刑表現出了嗜血的偏愛和狂熱，亦成為重刑制度得以為繼的黑色土壤。

“治亂世用重典”這種單向思維的治國觀念猶如剛猛之烈藥，只可解一時之痛，最終的結果只能導致刑罰在預防和控制犯罪方面歸于無效。國民對“示眾”的偏愛，對重刑制度心理上的依賴是文明的、法治的社會中所必須克服的文化心理。在當代法治社會建設中，有效地控制重刑對于國家民族的命運和百姓的生存密切關聯。法律的制定和執行應該理性、客觀，強調以人為本，注重法律的人文關懷，維護公民應當享有的基本權利和人格尊嚴。

關鍵詞：《檀香刑》 重刑制度 刑法變革

ABSTRACT

At the end of Qing Dynasty, the foreign powers invaded into China,which intensified social unrest. Faced to the domestic trouble and foreigninvasion, the Qing government was forced to implement criminal lawreform. “New Criminal Code of Qing Empire” tried to dispel the defects ofStatutes and Precedents of the Qing Empire and achieve social stability, butit did not achieve the desired effect.

Mo Yan’s novel “Sandalwood Penalty” is one of his magnum opuswhich tells us many appalling historic cases under the background of theseries of historical events like Germen building Jiaoji railway, Yuan Shikaisuppressing the Boxer Movement and the Eight-Power Allied Forceinvading in Beijing. Mo Yan’s masterpiece “Sandalwood Punishment”

combines folk story and history, then builds a new structure and conductsliterary writing, which represents contemporary writers’ reflection on theheavy penalty system, and reflects literature review of the history and careof contemporary.

Through in-depth analysis of the novel can be seen: “supremeauthority” reflected by “heavy penalty”, and the traditional culturalpsychology reflected by the “drama” of heavy penalty, as links whichmaintain the entire feudal society throughout the novel. On the one hand,owing to Qing government’s maintained of imperial power, the reform became a mere formality, while the ruler still needs to rely on heavypenalty to swear their rule authority to deter the people. On the other hand,the common people at the bottom of society deemed the drama as spice oflife, and showed on preference and bloodthirsty fanaticism to heavy penalty,and all these had become evil soil on which the heavy penalty system ableto survive.

However, “use heavy penalty to governance chaos” is a one-waythinking concept of governing a state. Like a dose of strong medicine, thisconcept do have effective but only in a short time and finally lead topunishment ineffective in the prevention and control of crime. In today’slegal society, Chinese people’s psychological dependence on heavy penaltysystem is cultural psychology problem that we must overcome. In theconstruction of modern legal society, effectively controlling heavy penaltyis closely related to the fate of the country and nation and the survival ofthe people. The formulation and execution of law should be rational,objective, emphasis on people-centered, pay attention to the humanisticcare, and maintains the citizen’s fundamental rights and dignity they shouldenjoy.

KEY WORDS: “Sandalwood Punishment”, criminal law reform,heavy penalty

目 錄

緒 論
第一節 選題的緣起
第二節 論題研究現狀綜述
一、對莫言小說《檀香刑》文本的研究
二、對清末重刑制度的研究
第三節 論文研究的意義及創新點
一、對法律與文學研究領域的意義
二、社會實踐意義
三、創新之處
第一章 莫言小說《檀香刑》的法律背景
第一節 重刑制度及其思想發展脈絡
第二節 清末刑法變革及其本質
一、清末刑法變革之始末
二、從《大清律例》到《大清現行刑律》再到《大清新刑律》：死刑制度在上述三個階段中的體現與變化
三、清末刑法變革之本質
第三節 《檀香刑》行刑事件的現實背景
第二章 《檀香刑》對重刑制度的文學表現
第一節 重刑制度下的刑罰與法律
一、酷刑的暴力之“美”
二、酷刑之下的國家法律
第二節 重刑之“戲”下人性的扭曲
一、定刑者
二、行刑者
三、受刑者
四、觀刑者
第三節 重刑之“戲”背后傳統文化心理的窺探
第三章 《檀香刑》對重刑制度的重構與批判
第一節 歷史裁決中的刑罰與執行
一、戊戌六君子行刑
二、孫文領導的高密人民抗德斗爭
第二節 《檀香刑》對歷史的重構與批判
一、也說戊戌六君子之死
二、從劉光第之死看變法之悲劇
三、再述民族英雄：孫文與孫丙
四、貓腔之戲對重刑之“戲”的消解
第四章 《檀香刑》對當代法治社會建設的反思
結 論
參考文獻